Difference between revisions of "General Pardons"

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This is a list of general pardons covering treason for the period 1399-1509. It was compiled for my article on Exceptions to General Pardons 1399-1450 (forthcoming). A general pardon was an act of clemency, issued at irregular intervals, by which the king stayed prosecution and thereby remitted temporal punishment at his own suit for a wide range of serious crimes committed before a certain day (terminus ante quem).General pardons are seen by some as an expression of the realization that the legal system could not bring felons to justice.Looking at the coverage of these pardons, one might well get that impression, because the coverage grows enormously in the course of the fifteenth century. But if we turn our attention to exceptions, we get a more nuanced view (Susanne Jenks)
 
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Revision as of 16:53, 17 February 2014

This is a list of general pardons covering treason for the period 1399-1509. It was compiled for my article on Exceptions to General Pardons 1399-1450 (forthcoming). A general pardon was an act of clemency, issued at irregular intervals, by which the king stayed prosecution and thereby remitted temporal punishment at his own suit for a wide range of serious crimes committed before a certain day (terminus ante quem).General pardons are seen by some as an expression of the realization that the legal system could not bring felons to justice.Looking at the coverage of these pardons, one might well get that impression, because the coverage grows enormously in the course of the fifteenth century. But if we turn our attention to exceptions, we get a more nuanced view (Susanne Jenks)

Henry IV

Number Occasion/Date Coverage Exceptions Requirements Availability Source
1 Henry IV’s first parliament, 1399 All treasons and felonies committed before 19 Nov. 1399 a) murder and rape of women

b) common thieves indicted before 19 Nov. 1399, approvers, those appealed of the death of a person, those captured with stolen goods, those who broke out of a royal prison before 19 Nov. 1399, those present at the murder of Thomas, duke of Gloucester

to stand to right in the royal court if a private person wants to sue Until 1 Nov. 1400 (PROME, Henry IV, 1399 October, item 156, Statutes ii, 119 c. 20) First copy on the pardon roll was issued on 20 Nov. 1399 (C67/32, m. 23), last copy on 7 Apr. 1400 (C67/32, m. 22), last copy found so far on plea rolls was issued on 6 May 1400 (KB 27/544 m 15 rex [1], KB27/554 m 13d Rex [2]. For a copy of the French version of this general pardon, issued on 15 December 1399, see KB 27/557 m. 21 Rex [3]
2a Rising of January, 1400 all treasons, insurrections, felonies, trespasses, rebellions, contempts, extortions and oppressions committed before the feast of the Purification of Saint Mary (2 Feb. 1400) a) murder and rape of women

b) common thieves indicted before 2 Feb. 1400, approvers, those appealed of the death of a person, those captured with stolen goods, those who broke out of a royal prison before 2 Feb. 1400, those present at the murder of Thomas, duke of Gloucester

to stand to right in the royal court if a private person wants to sue All twelve copies on the pardon roll issued on 18 March 1400 (C67/32, m. 20)
2b all trespasses, rebellions, contempts extortions, oppressions committed before the feast of the Purification of Saint Mary (2 Feb. 1400), and all treasons, insurrections and felonies committed before 2 Feb. 1400 a) murder and rape of women

b) ut supra

Eight copies of this pardon issued between 18 March and 20 March 1400 (C67/32, m. 20)
2c all treasons, insurrections, rebellions and felonies committed before 2 Feb. 1400, and all trespasses, contempts, extortions and oppressions committed before 2 Feb. 1400 a) murder and rape of women

b) ut supra

First copy of this version issued on 25 Mar. 1400 (C67/32, m. 20), the last copy issued on 20 Sep. 1400 (C67/32, m. 17)
2d all insurrections, felonies and rebellions committed before 2 Feb. 1400, and all trespasses, contempts, extortions and oppressions committed before 2 Feb. 140 a) certain persons whose names are on record in the chancery

b) murder and rape of women c) common thieves indicted before 2 Feb. 1400, approvers, those appealed of the death of a person, those captured with stolen goods, those who broke out of a royal prison before 2 Feb. 1400, those present at the murder of Thomas, duke of Gloucester

Enrolled on C67/32, m. 18 under the date 18 March 1400, but apparently no copies issued
2e De pardonacione Cestre all treasons, insurrections, felonies, rebellions and trespasses committed between Christmas 1399 and 2 Feb. 1400 a) murder and rape of women to stand to right in the royal court if a private person wants to ue C67/32, m. 15 First copy issued on 22 May 1400 (C67/32, m. 15), last copy issued on 23 Sep. 1400 (C67/32, m. 15)
2f all treasons, insurrections, rebellions and felonies committed before 2 Feb. 1400, and all trespasses, contempts, oppressions and extortions committed before 2 Feb. 1400 a) murder and rape of women

b) common thieves indicted before 2 Feb. 1400, approvers, those appealed of the death of a person, those captured with stolen goods, those who broke out of a royal prison before 2 Feb. 1400, those present at the murder of Thomas, duke of Gloucester

to stand to right in the royal court if a private person wants to sue C67/32, m. 14 First copy issued on 2 Oct. 1400 (C67/32, m. 14), last copy issued on 20 Oct. 1405 (C67/32, m. 10)
2g all treasons, insurrections, rebellions and felonies committed before 2 Feb. 1400, and all trespasses and oppressions committed before 2 Feb. 1400 a) murder and rape of women

b) common thieves indicted before 2 Feb. 1400, approvers, those appealed of the death of a person, those captured with stolen goods, those who broke out of a royal prison before 2 Feb. 1400, those present at the murder of Thomas, duke of Gloucester

to stand to right in the royal court if a private person wants to sue variant, issued on 12 April 1402, found only on a plea roll: KB27/564 m. 7 rex [4][5]

Henry V

Number Occasion/Date Coverage Exceptions Requirements Availability Source