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Barbaric, Carolingian, and Romanesque


Ca. A.D. 400 - 1150

Russell, Douglas Costume History and Style; chapter 7, pp. 104-123

Glossary:

Barbe or barbette: A piece of linen often pleated and worn under the chin, especially by a widow or a person in mourning.

Beguin (biggon,  biggin): A headcovering for both men and women as well as children from the twelfth century on into the Renaissance.  It was worn in Byzantium and later by the Beguines, women of religious orders, and the name remained.  It was a three- piece cap made of fine linen for aristocrats, of coarse wool for commoners, and of leather for under helmets.  It was worn by clergy, and under the hats and crowns of the nobility.  In the fifteenth century the linen was often replaced by felt or velvet, and in the eighteenth century it was often worn under a wig.  A more common name for this cap was a coif.

Bliaut:A garment worn by men and women, it originated about 1130 in the East and was brought to Europe at the end of the First Crusade.  As worn by the upper classes at the end of the twelfth century, it consisted of a snug-fitting torso, often wide embroidered sleeves, a low skirt pulled into elegant pleats across the  hips, and snug lacing up the back or under each arm.  It was one of the first garments to depend on fit as well as cut.

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