SYLLABUS | Class Presentation | Term Paper | Reading List | Go to UH Library E-Reserve
Course Description: How can we study and better understand the experience of musical time? How does a performer shape the flow of meter and large-scale rhythm? In this course we will explore the analysis of rhythm through readings and analysis projects. Repertoire will include tonal, post-tonal, and popular Western music, as well as music of other traditions. A music theory elective.
Prerequisite: Graduate standing in music with no unresolved music theory remedial requirements. Students are expecteded to comply with UH Policies on Academic Honesty.
Schedule (subject to change)
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4 weeks: |
Analytical approaches (Cone, Rothstein, London, and others) |
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3 weeks: |
Post-tonal repertoire (Straus, Kramer, and others) |
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2 weeks: |
Popular music repertoire |
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3 weeks: |
Classical-Romantic repertoire |
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2 weeks: |
Synthesis |
Grading and Policies
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Class participation and short assignments |
30% |
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Class presentation |
10% |
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Short papers (2 x 15%) |
30% |
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Term paper |
30% |
Last day to drop without a grade: September 8
Last day to drop or withdraw: November 4
Assignment for Tuesday, September 1: Beethoven. Variation on “God Save the King,” Thema” (score on eReserve)
Create your own analytical graph for the first two systems of the score. Model your graph after one of the following from our readings:
Rothstein: 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 2.2, 2.6; Cone: page 28.
Write one paragraph explaining what your graph reveals about the piece.
Reading Assignments:
Rothstein 1, 2 and 7 (optional: 4 on Phrase Rhythm and Form)
London: 1, 2, and 6 (optional: 3 & 4 on meter) Study Questions
Popular Music
Matthew W. Butterfield. (2006) The Power of Anacrusis: Engendered Feeling in Groove-Based Musics. Music Theory Online 12/4. http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.06.12.4/mto.06.12.4.butterfield.html Study Questions
Luis-Manuel Garcia. (2005) On and On: Repetition as Process and Pleasure in Electronic Dance Music. Music Theory Online, Volume 11/4. http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.05.11.4/toc.11.4.html Study Questions
Progler, J.A. (1995) “Searching for Swing: Participatory Discrepancies in the Jazz Rhythm Section.” Ethnomusicology 39/1: 21–54 eReserve
Lawrence M. Zbikowski. (2004) "Modelling the Groove: Conceptual Structure and Popular Music ." Journal of the Royal Musical Association, 129/2, pp. 272-297 eReserve Study Questions
Everett, Walter. (2004) Making Sense of Rock's Tonal Systems. Music Theory Online, Volume 10/4. http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.04.10.4/toc.10.4.html Study Questions
Fernando Benadon. (2007) A Circular Plot for Rhythm Visualization and Analysis, Music Theory Online 13/3. http://mto.societymusictheory.org/issues/mto.07.13.3/toc.13.3.html
Minimalism
Readings:
Timothy A. Johnson, "Minimalism: Aesthetic, Style, or Technique?," Musical Quarterly 78 (Winter 1994): 742-73.
Rebecca Leydon. “Towards a Typology of Minimalist Tropes.” Music Theory Online 8/4 (2002).
Works:
CD-853 Reich, Come Out
CD-3779 Reich, Drumming Music
CD-4556 Reich, Eight Lines
CD-3909 Reich, Violin Phase
CD-893 Reich, Tehillim
CD-5043 Reich, Different Trains
CD-5265 Reich, The Cave
CD-892 Riley, In C
CD-5013 Riley, Cadenza on the Night Plain
CD-5008 Glass, Einstein on the Beach
CD-5010 Glass, Songs from Liquid Days
CD-2553 Glass, Satyagraha
Glass Koyaanisqatsi (1982 film)
CD-2541 Adams, Grand Pianola Music
CD-3518 Adams, Phrygian Gates
CD-1835 Adams, Nixon in China
CD-5519 Adams, The Death of Klinghoffer
CD-3571 Torke, The Yellow Pages
CD-6767 Zorn, Spillane
Video: Four American Composers: Philip Glass (video 1595)
Web site: http://www.philipglass.com/
Postmodernism reading: Jonathan D. Kramer. "Postmodern Concepts of Musical Time" Indiana Theory Review 17/2 (1996): 21-62. eReserve
Repertoire assignment: Please listen to the following works, with ther score if possible. Be ready to discuss these pieces in class:
Adams. Phrygian Gates
CD-3518
M25.A24 P5 1990z Naxos: http://uh.naxosmusiclibrary.com.ezproxy.lib.uh.edu/catalogue/item.asp?cid=TROY038-2
Adams. The Death of Klinghoffer
CD-5519 M1503.A22 D3 1994
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0RAE3fsDz0I
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsyPmN1AswY
Adams. Doctor Atomic. DVD 0439
Glass. YouTube clips from films:
Koyaanisqatsi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFwR1c-cdFw
Naqoyqatsi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2lvy2o2r7dw
Powaqqatsi http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L73Cmvgt12w
Arvo Pärt. Magnificat for mixed chorus. M2079.L6P37 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UZ-NgDU-330 (This YouTube clip displays the score.)
Readings on Stravinsky, Debussy, and Carter (all on eReserve):
Edward T. Cone . "Stravinsky: The Progress of a Method." Perspectives of New Music 1/1 (Fall 1962): 18-26.
Sonata chapter from Joseph Straus, Remaking the Past.
Jan Pasler. "Debussy, Jeux: Playing with Time and Form," 19th Century Music, vi.1 (1982), 60-75.
David Schiff on Elliot Carter.
Class presentation: Form a group of perhaps four class members to complete this project. Your task is to create a phrase rhythm analysis for a movement in sonata form, employing the principles and analytical vocabulary introduced by Rothstein in Chs 1-2 of Phrase Rhythm in Tonal Music and Edward T. Cone in Musical Form and Musical Performance, Ch 1. Since time may not allow detailed study of the entire piece, a focused study on particular aspects of the piece is desirable. The outcome should be an analysis-- or a grouping of related analytical issues-- that could illuminate the performance of the work. Consider analytical decisions which could lead to varied interpretations in performance. (10% of grade)
Outside reading: Integrate an idea or methodology derived from your study of an outside reading (selected from the class reading list).
Tuesday, September 15: Initial presentation to the class. Introduce your analytical topic(s) and work in progress. Provide the class with an assignment (listening, reading, analysis).
Tuesday, September 22: Present finished study to the class. Each individual will also turn in a four-page paper documenting their personal contribution to the presentation.
Term Paper: Write a paper approximately 10 pages in length (double-spaced typed) on a focused topic which relates to our studies of rhythm and meter. Your goal is to formulate a focused analytical topic and develop it in a thoughtful, well-organized paper. Your bibliography should include a minimum of three sources which provide analytical perspectives and/or historical context. You are encouraged to meet with me individually as your work progresses.
Abstract, outline and bibliography due: Tuesday, October 20.
Final draft due: During Exam Week, Thursday, December 10.
Second Short Paper: Write a paper approximately 4 pages in length (double-spaced typed) on elements of rhythm and performance in a 20th or 21st- century work. You may choose a piece from concert repretoire, jazz work, or popular song. Analytical examples are encouraged, possibly including score or transcription renderings. Your bibliography should include a minimum of three sources which provide analytical, interpretive, and/or historical context. You are encouraged to meet with me individually as your work progresses.
Abstract, outline and bibliography due: Thursday, October 29.
Final draft due: Thursday, November 12.
Selected Reading List on reserve in the Music Library | Go to UH Library E-Reserve | Jazz and Popular Music Readings |
Books
Wallace Berry. Musical Structure and Performance. Yale University Press, 1989.
Edward T. Cone. Musical Form and Musical Performance. Norton, 1968. Nicholas Cook. Analysing Musical Multimedia. Oxford, 1998.
Grosvenor W. Cooper and Leonard B. Meyer. The Rhythmic Structure of Music. University of Chicago Press, 1960.
David Epstein. Beyond Orpheus: Studies in Musical Structure. MIT Press, 1979.
Jonathan Cross. The Stravinsky Legacy, Cambridge University Press, 1998.
David Epstein. Shaping Time: Music, the Brain, and Performance. Schirmer Books, 1995.
Roger Graybill. "Prolongation, Gesture, and Musical Motion" in Musical Transformation and Musical Intuition: Eleven Essays in Honor of David Lewin. Raphael Atlas and Michael Cherlin, eds. Ovenbird Press, 1994, p. 199-224.
Roy Howat. Debussy in Proportion. Cambridge University Press, 1983.
Jonathan D. Kramer. The Time of Music: New Meanings, New Temporalities, New Listening Strategies. Schirmer Books, 1988.
Harald Krebs. Fantasy pieces: metrical dissonance in the music of Robert Schumann. Oxford, 1999.
Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff. A Generative Theory of Tonal Music. MIT Press, 1983.
Joel Lester. The Rhythms of Tonal Music. Southern Illinois University Press, 1986.
Justin London. Hearing in Time: Psychological Aspects of Musical Meter. Oxford University Press, 2004.
Leonard B. Meyer Explaining Music. University of California Press, 1973.
William Rothstein. Phrase Rhythm in Tonal Music. Schirmer Books, 1989.
Peter Westergaard. Notes, Beats and Measures. In An Introduction to Tonal Theory (Ch. 7). Norton, 1975.
Maury Yeston. The Stratification of Musical Rhythm. Yale University Press, 1976.
Victor Zuckerkandl. Sound and Symbol: Music and the External World. Pantheon Books, 1956.
Articles and Other Reserve Items
William E. Benjamin. "A Theory of Musical Meter." Music Perception 1 (1984): 355-413.
Wallace Berry. "Formal Process and Performance in the "Eroica" Introductions." Music Theory Spectrum 10 (Spring, 1988): 3-18.
________. "Metric and Rhythmic Articulation in Music." Music Theory Spectrum 7 (1985): 7-33.
William Berz. "Working Memory in Music: A Theoretical Model." Music Perception 12 (1995): 353-64.
Candice Brower. "Memory and the Perception of Rhythm ." Music Theory Spectrum 15/1 (1993): 19-35.
Charles Burkhart. "Mid-Bar Downbeat in Bach’s Keyboard Music." Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy 8 (1994): 3-26.
Eric F. Clarke. "Levels of Structure in the Organization of Musical Time." Contemporary Music Review 2/1 (1987): 211-38.
Edward T. Cone. "Musical Form and Musical Performance Reconsidered." Music Theory Spectrum 7 (1985): 149-158.
________. "Stravinsky: The Progress of a Method." Perspectives of New Music 1/1 (Fall 1962): 18-26.
Irene Deliege. "Grouping Conditions in Listening to Music: An Approach to Lerdahl and Jackendoff’s Grouping Preference Rules." Music Perception 4 (1987): 325-360.
Roger Graybill. "Towards a Pedagogy of Gestural Rhythm." Journal of Music Theory Pedagogy 4/1 (1990): 1-50.
David Headlam. "A Rhythmic Study of the Exposition of the Second Movement of Beethoven’s Quartet Op. 59, No. 1." Music Theory Spectrum 7 (1985): 114-38.
Timothy A. Johnson, "Minimalism: Aesthetic, Style, or Technique?," Musical Quarterly 78 (Winter 1994): 742-73.
Tim Koozin. "Spiritual-Temporal Imagery in Music of Olivier Messiaen and Toru Takemitsu." Contemporary Music Review 7/2 (1993).
________. "Toru Takemitsu and the Unity of Opposites." College Music Symposium 30 (1990).
________. "Traversing Distances: Pitch Organization, Gesture, and Imagery in the Late Works of Toru Takemitsu."Contemporary Music Review 21/4 (2003).
Marianne Kielian-Gilbert. "The Rhythms of Form: Correspondence and Analogy in Stravinsky's Designs." Music Theory Spectrum 9 (Spring, 1987): 42-66.
Jonathan D. Kramer. "Postmodern Concepts of Musical Time" Indiana Theory Review 17/2 (1996): 21-62.
Jonathan D. Kramer. "Studies of Time and Music: A Bibliography…" Music Theory Spectrum 7 (1985): 72-106.
Harald Krebs. "Some Extensions of the Concepts of Metrical Consonance and Dissonance." Journal of Music Theory 31 (1987): 99-120.
Steve Larson. "On Analysis and Performance: The Contribution of Durational Reduction to the Performance of J.S. Bach’s Two-Part Invention in C Major." In Theory Only 7/1 (1983): 31-45.
Joel Lester. "Notated and Heard Meter." Perspectives of New Music 24/2 (1986): 116-28.
Rebecca Leydon. “Towards a Typology of Minimalist Tropes.” Music Theory Online 8/4 (2002).
Judy Lochhead. "The Metaphor of Musical Motion: Is there an Alternative?" Theory and Practice 14-15 (1989-90).
Jan Pasler. "Debussy, Jeux: Playing with Time and Form," 19th Century Music, vi.1 (1982), 60-75.
Carl Schachter. "Rhythm and Linear Analysis: A Preliminary Study." Music Forum 4 (1976): 281-334.
Carl Schachter. "Rhythm and Linear Analysis: Durational Reduction." Music Forum 5 (1980): 197-232.
Carl Schachter. "Aspects of Meter." Music Forum 6 (1987): 1-59. Neil Todd. "A Model of Expressive Timing in Tonal Music." Music Perception 3/1 (1985): 33-58.
Joseph Straus. Introduction to Post-Tonal Theory (Prentice-Hall, 1990). Chapter 1, Analysis 1 & 2.
________. Remaking the Past: Musical Modernism and the Influence of the Tonal Tradition. (Harvard University Press, 1990.)
________. “Stravinsky's Construction of Twelve Verticals: An Aspect of Harmony in the Serial Music.” Music Theory Spectrum 21/1 (1999).
Maury Yeston. "Rubato and the Middleground." Journal of Music Theory 19 (1975): 286-301.
Jazz and Popular Music Readings