Difference between revisions of "STAC sandpit"

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Cromwell's Protectorate, 1653-58
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The Restoration, 1659-60
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A timeline of events during the Cromwellian Protectorate, from Oliver Cromwell's installation as Lord Protector in December 1653 to the resignation of his successor Richard Cromwell in May 1659.
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General outline: click on year for detailed view
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1653
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1659
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Dec 16
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May 7
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Oliver Cromwell installed as Lord Protector.
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Richard Cromwell forced by the Council of Officers to reinstate the Rump Parliament.
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1654
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May 24
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Apr 8
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Resignation of Richard Cromwell after Parliament refuses to recognise the Protectorate.
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General Monck appointed commander of Commonwealth forces in Scotland.
 
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Mar 20
 
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Commission of Triers established: a national body to vet all new clergy.
 
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Apr 5
 
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Treaty to end the First Anglo-Dutch War. The Dutch forced to pass the Act of Exclusion, aimed at preventing a Dutch alliance with the Stuarts.
 
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Apr 12
 
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Ordinance for the union of England and Scotland.
 
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May
 
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Failure of John Gerard's plot to assassinate Cromwell.
 
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Jun 27
 
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Ordinances for elections in Scotland and Ireland (the first time they are represented at Westminster).
 
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Jul 19
 
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The battle of Dalnaspidal effectively ends Glencairn's Uprising in the Highlands.
 
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Aug 28
 
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Commission of Ejectors appointed to expel inadequate ministers and schoolmasters.
 
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Sep 3
 
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First Protectorate Parliament assembles.
 
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Oct
 
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Petition of the Three Colonels (Alured, Okey and Saunders), protesting that the Instrument of Government gives Cromwell greater powers than the King.
 
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Dec 25
 
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The Western Design launched — English attack on Spanish colonies in the West Indies.
 
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1655
 
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Jan 22
 
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Cromwell dissolves the First Protectorate Parliament.
 
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Mar 11
 
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Penruddock's Uprising in the West Country: co-ordinated Royalist insurrections around the country fail to ignite.
 
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Mar 14
 
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Penruddock's rebels defeated by Colonel Croke at South Molton in Devon.
 
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Apr 17
 
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Failure of Penn and Venables' attempt to take Hispaniola from Spain.
 
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May 17
 
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Penn and Venables capture Jamaica.
 
 
Jun 7
 
Jun 7
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Resignation of Chief Justice Henry Rolle over concerns regarding the legality of the Instrument of Government.
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Parliament commissions Charles Fleetwood commander-in-chief of the armies in England and Scotland but retains the power to appoint or promote officers.
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Jul 9
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Jul 3
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Henry Cromwell arrives in Dublin to take up his appointment as Major-General of the army in Ireland.
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Viscount Mordaunt arrives in England to co-ordinate a general Royalist insurrection.
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Aug 22
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Aug 5-19
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First instructions to the Major-Generals issued.
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Booth's Uprising: Royalist revolt in Cheshire, suppressed by Colonel John Lambert.
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Sep 6
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Sep
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Charles Fleetwood departs from Ireland. He retains the title of Lord-Deputy until his term of office expires, but the administration of Ireland is left to Henry Cromwell.
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Officers of Lambert's army meet at Derby and draw up a petition setting out their demands for the government of the nation.
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Sep 21
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Sep 22-3
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One-tenth of all property belonging to former Royalists is confiscated under the Decimation Tax.
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Parliament forbids any further petitioning by soldiers. Sir Arthur Hesilrige calls for Lambert's arrest.
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Oct 11
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Oct 12
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Commissions issued to the Major-Generals.
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Parliament revokes the commissions of Lambert and eight other senior officers.
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Oct 13
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Lambert's troops occupy Westminster and prevent Parliament from sitting.
 
Oct 15
 
Oct 15
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The Council of State declares its support for Cromwell's policy of war with Spain.
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The Council of Officers appoints a ten-member Committee of Safety to consider how to carry on the government.
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Oct 24
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Oct 20
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Commercial treaty signed between the Protectorate and France.
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General Monck sends a declaration from Scotland demanding the return of Parliament.
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Oct 31
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Oct 25
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Rule of the Major-Generals proclaimed in England and Wales. The country is divided into 12 districts under military jurisdiction.
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The Council of State dissolved; the Committee of Safety re-appointed by Army leaders.
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Nov 3
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Lambert marches north from London with 12,000 troops to block Monck's route into England.
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Nov 12
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Monck's representatives arrive in London for talks with the Council of Officers.
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Nov 24
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Former members of the Council of State appoint Monck commander of all military units in England and Scotland and empower him to take military action against the enemies of Parliament if necessary.
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Dec 3
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Sir Arthur Hesilrige secures Portsmouth for Parliament.
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Dec 5
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Riots in London for the return of Parliament.
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Dec 8
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Monck crosses the border and establishes his headquarters at Coldstream.
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Dec 14
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Vice-Admiral John Lawson sails for the Thames, threatening to blockade London in support of Parliament.
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Dec 26
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Fleetwood forced to recall the Rump Parliament.
 
 
 
 
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Menassah ben Israel submits a petition for the re-admission of the Jews into England.
 
 
 
 
 
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1660
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1656
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Jan 1
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Mar 28
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General Monck marches from Coldstream for London.
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Generals-at-Sea Blake and Montagu sail to intercept the Spanish plate fleet.
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Jan 9
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Apr 2
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Sir Henry Vane expelled from Parliament for having sided with the military junta.
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Charles II signs an alliance with Spain against the Protectorate.
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Jan 11
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May 12
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Lord Fairfax meets Monck at York and urges him to restore the Monarchy.
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A Healing Question Propounded by Sir Henry Vane criticises Cromwell.
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Feb 3
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Sep 4
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Monck's army arrives in London.
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Sir Henry Vane arrested and imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle.
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Feb 9
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Sep 9
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Parliament orders Monck to remove the City gates and portcullises after citizens of London demand the reinstatement of Presbyterian MPs purged in 1648.
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Vice-Admiral Stayner captures the Spanish plate fleet off Cadiz.
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Feb 11
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Sep 17
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Monck demands the re-admission of the purged MPs and apologises for his actions in removing the City gates.
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Second Protectorate Parliament assembles.
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Feb 21
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Oct 1
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The Long Parliament restored: surviving MPs purged in 1648 re-admitted to Parliament under Monck's protection.
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Parliament approves the war with Spain.
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Mar 5
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Dec 17
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John Lambert imprisoned in the Tower of London.
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Parliament convicts the Quaker James Nayler of blasphemy and sentences him to savage mutilation and imprisonment.
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Mar 16
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The Long Parliament calls free elections and votes for its own dissolution.
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1657
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Apr 10
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Jan 8
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Lambert escapes from the Tower and tries to rally resistance to the Restoration.
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Failure of an attempt to set fire to the Palace of Whitehall by Miles Sindercombe and other disaffected Levellers.
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Apr 22
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Jan 28
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Lambert and his followers defeated at Daventry; Lambert returned to London as a prisoner.
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Decimation Tax and rule of the Major-Generals abandoned.
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Apr 25
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Feb 23
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The Convention Parliament assembles.
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The Humble Petition and Advice presented to Parliament despite opposition from the Army. Offer of the Crown to Cromwell.
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May 1
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Mar 13
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Charles II's manifesto the Declaration of Breda read in Parliament.
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Signing of the treaty for a military alliance between England and France against Spain; continuation of the Anglo-Spanish war on the continent of Europe.
 
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Apr 20
 
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General-at-Sea Robert Blake destroys the Spanish fleet at Santa Cruz.
 
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Apr/May
 
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Edward Sexby and Captain Titus publish the pamphlet Killing no Murder, which incites Cromwell's assassination.
 
 
May 8
 
May 8
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Cromwell formally refuses the Crown.
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The Convention Parliament declares Charles II to have been King since 30th January 1649.
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May 14
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Parliament orders the arrest of all surviving regicides.
 
May 25
 
May 25
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A revised version of The Humble Petition and Advice, avoiding mention of the royal title, passed by Parliament.
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Charles II lands at Dover.
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Jun 11
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May 29
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Sir John Reynolds with six English regiments joins Marshall Turenne's army in France.
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Charles II makes a triumphal entry into London.
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Jun 26
 
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Cromwell's second installation as Lord Protector under a new constitution in a ceremony reminiscent of a royal coronation.
 
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Aug 7
 
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Death of Robert Blake.
 
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Sep 22
 
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The Anglo-French army captures Mardyke in Flanders.
 
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Nov 17
 
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Henry Cromwell officially appointed Lord-Deputy of Ireland after the expiration of Fleetwood's term of office.
 
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1658
 
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Jan 20
 
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Second session of the Second Protectorate Parliament begins.
 
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Feb 4
 
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Cromwell dissolves the Second Protectorate Parliament.
 
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Mar 18
 
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Anglo-French alliance renewed.
 
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Jun 4
 
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Battle of the Dunes: the Anglo-French army under Marshal Turenne defeats a Spanish force attempting to raise the siege of Dunkirk.
 
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Jun 14
 
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Dunkirk occupied by French and English troops.
 
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Sep 3
 
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Death of Oliver Cromwell; his son Richard accepted as his successor by the Council of Officers and the Army.
 
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Sep 4
 
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Richard Cromwell proclaimed Oliver's successor in London and throughout England.
 
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Sep 9-10
 
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Richard proclaimed in Edinburgh and Dublin.
 
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Oct 18
 
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Charles Fleetwood appointed lieutenant-general of the Army, but Richard insists upon retaining the position and full power of commander-in-chief.
 
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1659
 
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Jan 27
 
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Third Protectorate Parliament assembles.
 
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Apr 17
 
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Richard orders the dissolution of the Council of Officers.
 
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Apr 22
 
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Richard Cromwell forced by army officers Fleetwood and Disbrowe to dissolve the Third Protectorate Parliament.
 
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Apr 26
 
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Junior officers petition for the return of the Long Parliament; petitions for the re-establishment of the Commonwealth begin to pour in from London and the provinces.
 
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May 7
 
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Richard forced by the Council of Officers to reinstate the Rump Parliament.
 
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May 19
 
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Parliament elects a new Council of State.
 
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May 24
 
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Resignation of Richard Cromwell: end of the Protectorate.
 
 
 
 
 

Revision as of 20:26, 10 March 2014

The Restoration, 1659-60 General outline: click on year for detailed view 1659 May 7 Richard Cromwell forced by the Council of Officers to reinstate the Rump Parliament. May 24 Resignation of Richard Cromwell after Parliament refuses to recognise the Protectorate. Jun 7 Parliament commissions Charles Fleetwood commander-in-chief of the armies in England and Scotland but retains the power to appoint or promote officers. Jul 3 Viscount Mordaunt arrives in England to co-ordinate a general Royalist insurrection. Aug 5-19 Booth's Uprising: Royalist revolt in Cheshire, suppressed by Colonel John Lambert. Sep Officers of Lambert's army meet at Derby and draw up a petition setting out their demands for the government of the nation. Sep 22-3 Parliament forbids any further petitioning by soldiers. Sir Arthur Hesilrige calls for Lambert's arrest. Oct 12 Parliament revokes the commissions of Lambert and eight other senior officers. Oct 13 Lambert's troops occupy Westminster and prevent Parliament from sitting. Oct 15 The Council of Officers appoints a ten-member Committee of Safety to consider how to carry on the government. Oct 20 General Monck sends a declaration from Scotland demanding the return of Parliament. Oct 25 The Council of State dissolved; the Committee of Safety re-appointed by Army leaders. Nov 3 Lambert marches north from London with 12,000 troops to block Monck's route into England. Nov 12 Monck's representatives arrive in London for talks with the Council of Officers. Nov 24 Former members of the Council of State appoint Monck commander of all military units in England and Scotland and empower him to take military action against the enemies of Parliament if necessary. Dec 3 Sir Arthur Hesilrige secures Portsmouth for Parliament. Dec 5 Riots in London for the return of Parliament. Dec 8 Monck crosses the border and establishes his headquarters at Coldstream. Dec 14 Vice-Admiral John Lawson sails for the Thames, threatening to blockade London in support of Parliament. Dec 26 Fleetwood forced to recall the Rump Parliament.     1660 Jan 1 General Monck marches from Coldstream for London. Jan 9 Sir Henry Vane expelled from Parliament for having sided with the military junta. Jan 11 Lord Fairfax meets Monck at York and urges him to restore the Monarchy. Feb 3 Monck's army arrives in London. Feb 9 Parliament orders Monck to remove the City gates and portcullises after citizens of London demand the reinstatement of Presbyterian MPs purged in 1648. Feb 11 Monck demands the re-admission of the purged MPs and apologises for his actions in removing the City gates. Feb 21 The Long Parliament restored: surviving MPs purged in 1648 re-admitted to Parliament under Monck's protection. Mar 5 John Lambert imprisoned in the Tower of London. Mar 16 The Long Parliament calls free elections and votes for its own dissolution. Apr 10 Lambert escapes from the Tower and tries to rally resistance to the Restoration. Apr 22 Lambert and his followers defeated at Daventry; Lambert returned to London as a prisoner. Apr 25 The Convention Parliament assembles. May 1 Charles II's manifesto the Declaration of Breda read in Parliament. May 8 The Convention Parliament declares Charles II to have been King since 30th January 1649. May 14 Parliament orders the arrest of all surviving regicides. May 25 Charles II lands at Dover. May 29 Charles II makes a triumphal entry into London.  

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