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| − | Cromwell's Protectorate, 1653-58
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| − | A timeline of events during the Cromwellian Protectorate, from Oliver Cromwell's installation as Lord Protector in December 1653 to the resignation of his successor Richard Cromwell in May 1659.
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| − | 1653
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| − | Dec 16
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| − | Oliver Cromwell installed as Lord Protector.
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| − | 1654
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| − | Apr 8
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| − | General Monck appointed commander of Commonwealth forces in Scotland.
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| − | Mar 20
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| − | Commission of Triers established: a national body to vet all new clergy.
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| − | Apr 5
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| − | Treaty to end the First Anglo-Dutch War. The Dutch forced to pass the Act of Exclusion, aimed at preventing a Dutch alliance with the Stuarts.
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| − | Apr 12
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| − | Ordinance for the union of England and Scotland.
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| − | May
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| − | Failure of John Gerard's plot to assassinate Cromwell.
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| − | Jun 27
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| − | Ordinances for elections in Scotland and Ireland (the first time they are represented at Westminster).
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| − | Jul 19
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| − | The battle of Dalnaspidal effectively ends Glencairn's Uprising in the Highlands.
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| − | Aug 28
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| − | Commission of Ejectors appointed to expel inadequate ministers and schoolmasters.
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| − | Sep 3
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| − | First Protectorate Parliament assembles.
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| − | Oct
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| − | Petition of the Three Colonels (Alured, Okey and Saunders), protesting that the Instrument of Government gives Cromwell greater powers than the King.
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| − | Dec 25
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| − | The Western Design launched — English attack on Spanish colonies in the West Indies.
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| − | 1655
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| − | Jan 22
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| − | Cromwell dissolves the First Protectorate Parliament.
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| − | Mar 11
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| − | Penruddock's Uprising in the West Country: co-ordinated Royalist insurrections around the country fail to ignite.
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| − | Mar 14
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| − | Penruddock's rebels defeated by Colonel Croke at South Molton in Devon.
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| − | Apr 17
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| − | Failure of Penn and Venables' attempt to take Hispaniola from Spain.
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| − | May 17
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| − | Penn and Venables capture Jamaica.
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| − | Jun 7
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| − | Resignation of Chief Justice Henry Rolle over concerns regarding the legality of the Instrument of Government.
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| − | Jul 9
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| − | Henry Cromwell arrives in Dublin to take up his appointment as Major-General of the army in Ireland.
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| − | Aug 22
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| − | First instructions to the Major-Generals issued.
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| − | Sep 6
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| − | Charles Fleetwood departs from Ireland. He retains the title of Lord-Deputy until his term of office expires, but the administration of Ireland is left to Henry Cromwell.
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| − | Sep 21
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| − | One-tenth of all property belonging to former Royalists is confiscated under the Decimation Tax.
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| − | Oct 11
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| − | Commissions issued to the Major-Generals.
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| − | Oct 15
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| − | The Council of State declares its support for Cromwell's policy of war with Spain.
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| − | Oct 24
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| − | Commercial treaty signed between the Protectorate and France.
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| − | Oct 31
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| − | Rule of the Major-Generals proclaimed in England and Wales. The country is divided into 12 districts under military jurisdiction.
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| − | Menassah ben Israel submits a petition for the re-admission of the Jews into England.
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| − | 1656
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| − | Mar 28
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| − | Generals-at-Sea Blake and Montagu sail to intercept the Spanish plate fleet.
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| − | Apr 2
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| − | Charles II signs an alliance with Spain against the Protectorate.
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| − | May 12
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| − | A Healing Question Propounded by Sir Henry Vane criticises Cromwell.
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| − | Sep 4
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| − | Sir Henry Vane arrested and imprisoned in Carisbrooke Castle.
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| − | Sep 9
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| − | Vice-Admiral Stayner captures the Spanish plate fleet off Cadiz.
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| − | Sep 17
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| − | Second Protectorate Parliament assembles.
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| − | Oct 1
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| − | Parliament approves the war with Spain.
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| − | Dec 17
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| − | Parliament convicts the Quaker James Nayler of blasphemy and sentences him to savage mutilation and imprisonment.
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| − | 1657
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| − | Jan 8
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| − | Failure of an attempt to set fire to the Palace of Whitehall by Miles Sindercombe and other disaffected Levellers.
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| − | Jan 28
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| − | Decimation Tax and rule of the Major-Generals abandoned.
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| − | Feb 23
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| − | The Humble Petition and Advice presented to Parliament despite opposition from the Army. Offer of the Crown to Cromwell.
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| − | Mar 13
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| − | Signing of the treaty for a military alliance between England and France against Spain; continuation of the Anglo-Spanish war on the continent of Europe.
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| − | Apr 20
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| − | General-at-Sea Robert Blake destroys the Spanish fleet at Santa Cruz.
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| − | Apr/May
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| − | Edward Sexby and Captain Titus publish the pamphlet Killing no Murder, which incites Cromwell's assassination.
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| − | May 8
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| − | Cromwell formally refuses the Crown.
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| − | May 25
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| − | A revised version of The Humble Petition and Advice, avoiding mention of the royal title, passed by Parliament.
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| − | Jun 11
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| − | Sir John Reynolds with six English regiments joins Marshall Turenne's army in France.
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| − | Jun 26
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| − | Cromwell's second installation as Lord Protector under a new constitution in a ceremony reminiscent of a royal coronation.
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| − | Aug 7
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| − | Death of Robert Blake.
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| − | Sep 22
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| − | The Anglo-French army captures Mardyke in Flanders.
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| − | Nov 17
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| − | Henry Cromwell officially appointed Lord-Deputy of Ireland after the expiration of Fleetwood's term of office.
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| − | 1658
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| − | Jan 20
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| − | Second session of the Second Protectorate Parliament begins.
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| − | Feb 4
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| − | Cromwell dissolves the Second Protectorate Parliament.
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| − | Mar 18
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| − | Anglo-French alliance renewed.
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| − | Jun 4
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| − | Battle of the Dunes: the Anglo-French army under Marshal Turenne defeats a Spanish force attempting to raise the siege of Dunkirk.
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| − | Jun 14
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| − | Dunkirk occupied by French and English troops.
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| − | Sep 3
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| − | Death of Oliver Cromwell; his son Richard accepted as his successor by the Council of Officers and the Army.
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| − | Sep 4
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| − | Richard Cromwell proclaimed Oliver's successor in London and throughout England.
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| − | Sep 9-10
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| − | Richard proclaimed in Edinburgh and Dublin.
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| − | Oct 18
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| − | Charles Fleetwood appointed lieutenant-general of the Army, but Richard insists upon retaining the position and full power of commander-in-chief.
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| − | 1659
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| − | Jan 27
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| − | Third Protectorate Parliament assembles.
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| − | Apr 17
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| − | Richard orders the dissolution of the Council of Officers.
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| − | Apr 22
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| − | Richard Cromwell forced by army officers Fleetwood and Disbrowe to dissolve the Third Protectorate Parliament.
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| − | Apr 26
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| − | Junior officers petition for the return of the Long Parliament; petitions for the re-establishment of the Commonwealth begin to pour in from London and the provinces.
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| − | May 7
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| − | Richard forced by the Council of Officers to reinstate the Rump Parliament.
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| − | May 19
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| − | Parliament elects a new Council of State.
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| − | May 24
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| − | Resignation of Richard Cromwell: end of the Protectorate.
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