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*Note
on course proficiencies*
YEAR 2
SEMESTER I
PHARMACODYNAMICS I
PHAR 5402
Course Description:
Chemistry, pharmacology and basic therapeutics of drugs used in
the treatment of infectious diseases and drugs affecting the autonomic
nervous systems, and cardiovascular system.
Cr. 4. (4-0).
Prerequisite:
PHAR 4401, Cellular Life Sciences II and PHAR 4421 Organ Systems
Life Sciences II.
Course Proficiencies:
The student will be able to:
MODULE A – Cancer, Antiviral and Anti-Retroviral
Agents
- Describe characteristics of various types
of cancers listing: possible causes, epidemiology, transmission,
pathogenesis, common signs and symptoms, and diagnosis.
- Describe the sites and mechanism of action
(using chemical structures where applicable) of various classes
of agents used to treat cancer.
a. Antimetabolite drugs
b. Alkylating drugs
c. DNA Intercalating drugs
d. Antimitotic drugs
e. Hormonal Antineoplastic drugs
f. Enzyme Antineoplastic drugs
g. Anticancer Antiemetic drugs
- Discuss, with chemical structures, the
physiochemical properties (pharmacokinetic properties) as they
relate to in vitro chemical stability, absorption characteristics,
distribution in the body, chelation, pH and salt formation characteristics
of agents used to treat cancer.
- Discuss the structural features of the
anticancer drugs as they relate to physiochemical properties,
mechanism of drug action, and therapeutic application.
- Discuss the metabolism (using chemical
structures where applicable) of agents used to treat cancer.
- Describe what information should be relayed
to patients regarding the most common drug combinations used
to treat various forms of cancer
- Name two clinically significant side-effects
for the most common agents used to treat cancer.
- Discuss appropriate and/or alternative
drug therapy based on the type of cancer.
Viral Infections:
- Describe characteristics of viruses and
various viral infections, including HIV listing: epidemiology,
transmission, pathogenesis, common signs and symptoms, and guideline
for initiation of therapy.
- Describe the sites and mechanism of action
(using chemical structures where applicable) of various classes
of antiviral drugs.
a. Purine Analog (Non-HIV)
b. Adamantyl drugs
c. Sodium Phosphocarbonate drugs
d. Ribosyl-triazine drugs
e. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor HIV drugs
f. Protease Inhibitor HIV drugs
- Discuss, with chemical structures, the
physicochemical properties (pharmacokinetic properties) as they
relate to in vitro chemical stability, absorption characteristics,
distribution in the body, and pH and salt formation characteristics
of the antiviral agents.
- Discuss the structural features of the
antiviral agents (where applicable) as they relate to physiochemical
properties, mechanism of drug action, and therapeutic application.
- Discuss metabolism (using chemical structures
where applicable) of the antiviral agents.
- Determine what information should be relayed
to patients regarding the most common agents used to treat the
various viral diseases.
- List two clinically significant side-effects
for the drugs used to treat the most common antiviral diseases.
- Select viral disease therapies based on
the patients particular viral disease.
Pain
Management:
- Describe the role that the various chemical
substituents play in defining analgesic, antitussive, sedative
and antagonistic effects in the prototype opioid receptor agonist.
- Describe the effects of various chemical
substituents on the absorption, distribution and metabolism
of morphine.
- Describe the effects of various chemical
substituents on the solubility and stability of morphine.
- Defend the choice of a narcotic analgesic
for chronic pain management based upon its relative potency,
oral to parenteral efficacy ratio and its duration of action.
- Describe the sites and mechanisms of action
of opioid agonists and antagonists.
- Identify the acute and chronic symptomatology
and pathology predicating narcotic analgesic therapy.
- Identify symptoms of narcotic analgesic
toxicity and describe appropriate treatment regimens. [added
11/03]
- Describe the differences between physical
dependence and psychological dependence.
- Describe at least two drug therapies for
narcotic analgesic addiction.
Module B – Pharmacodynamics of the
Autonomic Nervous System:
The student will be able to:
- List the general classifications of autonomic
drugs based on site and mechanism of action and provide a prototypical
example for each class of autonomic agents and a therapeutic
use for each.
- Discuss the structural features of the
various classes of autonomic agents as they relate to physiochemical
properties, mechanism of drug action, and therapeutic application.
- Discuss metabolism (using chemical structures
where applicable) of the various classes of autonomic agents.
- Contrast the mechanisms of action of nondepolarizing
and depolarizing forms of neuromuscular blocking agents.
- Provide examples of each type of neuromuscular
blocking agent and indicate the relevant adverse effects, drug
interactions and clinical uses of these agents
- Discuss the structural features of the
various classes of the neuromuscular blocking agents as they
relate to physiochemical properties, mechanism of drug action,
and therapeutic application.
- Discuss metabolism (using chemical structures
where applicable) of the neuromuscular blocking agents.
Module C – Cardiovascular Diseases
– Part I:
The student will be able to:
- Determine what information should be relayed
to patients regarding the most common cardiovascular agents.
- Identify the sites and mechanisms of actions
of the various classes of diuretic agents and (other) antihypertensive
drugs.
- Discuss the structural features of the
various classes of the various classes of antihypertensive agents
as they relate to physiochemical properties, mechanism of drug
action, and therapeutic application.
- Compare and contrast the chemical features
of the autonomic drugs with the antihypertensive drugs.
- Indicate relevant metabolism of the antihypertensive
agents.
- Discuss the sites and mechanisms of actions
of drugs employed in the prevention and treatment of typical
and atypical forms of angina pectoris.
- Discuss the structural features of the
anti-anginal agents as they relate to the physicochemical properties.
- Identify the sites and mechanisms of actions
of drugs employed in the treatment of congestive heart failure.
- Discuss the structural features of the
digitalis glycosides and other agents employed in congestive
heart failure as they relate to physiochemical properties, mechanism
of drug action, and therapeutic application.
- Discuss the metabolism of digitalis glycosides
and other agents employed in congestive heart failure.
- List two clinically significant side-effects
for the most common cardiovascular drugs.
- List the most clinically relevant monitoring
parameters required when utilizing specific cardiovascular drugs.
- Select cardiovascular drug therapy based
on an individual patient's history of allergies, concomitant
disease states and current medications.
- The student will able to list at least
two possible indications for the following cardiovascular medication
classes:
a. ACE-inhibitors
b. Diuretics
c. Beta-blockers
d. Calcium channel blockers
e. Digitalis glycosides.
Module D – Cardiovascular Diseases
– Part II
The student will be able to:
- Indicate the types of lipoproteins and
the functions and metabolism of each type of lipoprotein particle.
- Identify the major types of hyperlipoproteinemia
and indicate the general pathogenic processes involved in these
conditions.
- Discuss the sites and mechanisms of actions
of the antihyperlipidemic agents ("statins", fibric
acid, bile acids)
- Discuss the metabolism of the "statins"
and fibric acid.
- Discuss the structural features of the
antihyperlipidemic agents ("statins", fibric acid,
bile acids) as they relate to physiochemical properties, mechanism
of drug action, and therapeutic application.
- Identify the forms of hyperlipidemias that
represent specific uses for the various types of antihyperlipidemic
agents.
- Summarize the major adverse reactions,
contra-indications and drug interactions involving antihyperlipidemic
agents.
- Indicate monitoring considerations and
patient education concerns with regard to drug therapy of hyperlipidemias.
- Describe the components of a normal EKG
and characterize the major types of cardiac arrhythmias.
- Identify the sites and mechanisms of actions
of the major antiarrhythmic agents and distinguish the various
classes of antiarrhythmic agents in regard to indication.
- Discuss the structural features of the
antiarrhythmic agents as they relate to physiochemical properties,
mechanism of drug action, and therapeutic application.
- Discuss the relevant metabolic reactions
of the antiarrhythmic agents.
- Outline the major indications, relevant
adverse reactions, drug interactions, and contra-indications
of prototypical agents of the various classes antiarrhythmic
drugs.
- Discuss the monitoring concerns associated
with the use of prototypical agents of the various classes of
antiarrhythmic drugs.
- Distinguish between ananticoagulant, antiplatelet,
and thrombolytic agent.
- Indicate the sites and mechanisms of action
of anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antiplatelet agents.
- Discuss the structural features of the
anticoagulant, thrombolytic and antiplatelet agents as they
relate to physiochemical properties, mechanism of drug action,
and therapeutic application.
- Discuss the relavent metabolic reactions
of the anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents.
- Describe the major adverse effects, drug
interactions and contra-indications of the anticoagulant, thrombolytic
and antiplatelet agents.
- Discuss the monitoring concerns and patient
education concerns with regard to the drug therapy of disorders
of hemostasis.
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