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Course Proficiences
*Note on course proficiences*

YEAR 3
SEMESTER I

TOXICOLOGY
PHAR 5222

Course Description: Study of the toxic effects of environmental, chemical and therapeutic substances on the major organ systems and consideration of their clinical implications as they relate to pharmaceutical care.

Cr. 2. (2-0).

Prerequisite: PHAR 5703, Pharmacodynamics II

Course Proficiencies: The student will be able to:

1. Describe the influence of chemistry, biology and genetics on toxicity.
2. Identify the appropriate antidotal therapy for heavy metals, gases and anticoagulants.
3. Access and use sources of toxicological information.
4. Identify the symptomatology and pathology of CNS depressants and stimulants, narcotic
   analgesics, psychoactive drugs and new antidepressant drug toxicity.
5. Discuss selective mechanisms of toxicity for CNS depressants and stimulants, narcotic
   analgesics, psychoactive drugs and new antidepressants.
6. Describe the management of CNS depressants and stimulants, narcotic analgesics, psychoactive drugs and new antidepressant drug toxicities.
7. Explain various classifications of the harmful effects of drugs and chemicals relating to true side effects, toxic effects or idiosyncratic effects.
8. Explain the principle criteria utilized to demonstrate safety or toxicity of a substance using
   appropriate tests.
9. Differentiate the sources and forms for acquiring toxic agents, e.g. household, environmental, plant or animal origin.
10. For therapeutic agents, differentiate the toxic dose ranges from the therapeutic dose ranges.
11. Discuss the clinical impact of toxic chemicals on the patient as it relates to pharmaceutical care and patient counseling.
12. List symptoms of pesticide toxicity.
13. Explain appropriate treatment of pesticide toxicity.
14. Describe the mechanism of toxicity of naturally occurring toxins.
15. List the symptoms of plant toxicity.
16. List the symptoms of toxicity due to animals.
17. Discuss the treatment for exposure to naturally occurring toxins.
18. List common sources of household toxins.
19. Describe the mechanism of toxicity due to household toxins.
20. Explain how pharmacogenomics contributes to differential drug metabolism or drug sensitivity between patient populations.
21. Describe the “critical period” of fetal development and how this contributes to drug- or toxicant-induced teratogenicity.
22. Define “teratogen”; name two teratogens and the defects they produce.
23. Differentiate among poisonings by ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol and
    formaldehyde, thereby offering correct diagnosis and treatment suggestions.
24. Describe the mechanisms of acetaminophen and salicylate toxicities.
25. Suggest treatment for acetaminophen and salicylate toxicities.
26. Describe the mechanism of toxicity of vitamins A, D, and iron.
27. Suggest treatment options for toxicity due to Vitamin A, D, or iron.
28. Describe similarities and differences between anticholinergic, antipsychotic and tricyclic antidepressant poisonings.
29. Suggest treatment for anticholinergic, antipsychotic and tricyclic antidepressant poisonings.