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YEAR I
SEMESTER II
PHARMACEUTICS II
PHAR 4331
Course Description:
Design of novel drug delivery systems including physicochemical
and biopharmaceutical properties of drugs and their dosage forms.
Prerequisite:
PHAR 4330, Pharmaceutics I.
Course Proficiencies:
The student will be able to:
- Describe the unique characteristics of
the formulation, and physical parts of containers for aerosol
drug delivery.
- Explain the general principle and various
modes of operation of aerosols.
- List pharmaceutical aerosol products.
- Assess the advantages of the aerosol formulation
over other routes of delivery.
- Define sustained release and controlled
release formulations with unique characteristics.
- Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of sustained release and controlled release formulations over
conventional dosage forms.
- Describe the physical and release characteristics
of pharmaceutical osmotic pumps, ion-exchange resins, implants
and inserts.
- Discuss the parenteral applications of
the formulations.
- Assess current trends of development in
the pharmaceutical industry of sustained release and controlled
release formulation.
- Define the formulations of transdermal
therapeutic systems (TDDS) and their unique characteristics.
- Describe the advantages and disadvantages
of transdermal therapeutic systems over conventional dosage
forms and over other controlled release formulations.
- List the criteria of drug candidates for
TDDS.
- Differentiate the physical functional elements
of TDDS, and the release mechanisms of reservoir, monolithic
and microsealed matrix types of design.
- Identify TDDS pharmaceutical products,
their indications, sites of application, delivery strengths
and duration of action.
- Assess the current developments in the
pharmaceutical industry related to TDDS.
- Define nuclear pharmacy, radiopharmaceuticals,
physical half-life, biological half-life and effective half-life.
- Describe the diagnostic and therapeutic
uses of radiopharmaceuticals.
- Differentiate the various radiopharmaceuticals
used in pulmonary, skeletal, hepatobiliary, renal, nervous and
cardiovascular systems, and other miscellaneous agents.
- Define drug stability kinetics in terms
of pharmaceutical degradation, and its effects on bioavailability
and toxicity.
- Explain various modes of pharmaceutical
product degradations (hydrolysis, oxidation and photolysis).
- List factors (temperature, solvent, pH,
additives) which affect drug stability in formulations and their
relationship to storage conditions.
- Describe the zero-order reaction, its kinetic
characteristics, and equations for calculating the reaction
rate constant and half-life.
- Calculate shelf-life if degradation kinetic
parameters are known.
- Define basic elements of biotechnology
(recombinant DNA, monoclonal antibodies and gene therapy).
- List current biotechnological products,
and their therapeutic uses.
- Discuss the delivery of peptide and protein
drugs.
- Predict the stability of peptide and protein
drugs.
- Assess new developments in the pharmaceutical
industry related to biotechnology.
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