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Course
of Study Leading to a Pharm.D. Degree
YEAR I
SEMESTER I
ORGAN SYSTEMS LIFE SCIENCES
I
PHAR 4320
Course Description:
Principles of human anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology including
fetal physiology; an introduction to neuroanatomy, neurophysiology,
and pathophysiology of the human central nervous system with emphasis
on those systems and disease states commonly encountered in the
provision of pharmaceutical care.
Prerequisite:
BIOL 1431-1432
Course Proficiencies:
The student will be able to:
- Discuss the fundamentals of physiology,
pathophysiology and anatomy in the fetal state, adult state
and aged state where applicable.
- Discuss membranes, ion channels and electrical
charges as they relate to membrane function.
- Identify factors that regulate ion channels.
- Describe active and facilitated transport.
- Discuss the process of myelination and
diseases of the myelin.
- Describe the basis of the membrane resting
potential and the function of specific ions.
- Explain events associated with the action
potential.
- Demonstrate a knowledge of the actions
of selected drugs on membrane function.
- Describe anatomy, events, transmitters
and regulation of transmitter release as they are relate to
transmission at the synapse.
- Describe the underlying mechanisms of neural
diseases.
- Demonstrate an understanding of basic neuroanatomy
(structure and basic function), including neurons.
- Describe the structure and function of
nonneuronal tissue (glia, meninges).
- Discuss the function of cerebrospinal fluid,
cerebral blood vessels (sinuses, capillaries) and the blood-brain
barrier.
- Describe functional aspects and fetal development
of the CNS.
- Identify location and basic function of
the components of the CNS (spinal cord, brain stem, diencephalon,
cerebellum. cerebrum).
- Explain factors related to electrical activity
of the brain including the EEG and its clinical uses, sleep
and sleep disorders and, the etiology and classification of
epilepsy.
- Describe the structure of the autonomic
nervous system.
- Compare and contrast the function of the
sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems including neurotransmission,
receptors and signal transduction mechanisms.
- Differentiate among the different muscle
types and discuss the function of each muscle type.
- Describe the muscle structure/function
relationship including microanatomy and the sliding filament
theory of contractions.
- Explain the mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction
coupling and factors or drugs that can alter contraction. Describe
the motor unit and understand neural input to muscle including
synaptic and post-synaptic events.
- Describe the mechanisms underlying diseases
of the muscles.
- Discuss the general aspects of sensory
input, including receptor characteristics and neuronal pathways.
- Describe the physiology of pain including
categories of pain, hyperalgesia, gate control and other factors
regulating the sensation of pain.
- Discuss the role of opioids in the sensation
and modification of pain.
- Describe the structure and function of
the ear including the receptors, reflexes, causes of deafness,
drug toxicity and effects of aging.
- Describe the structure and function of
the eye including optics and accommodation.
Describe the neurophysiology and neural pathways of vision.
- Explain mechanisms of pathophysiology of
vision (e.g., glaucoma, blindness) and drug toxicity.
- Describe the CNS structures and functions
involved in the initiation, regulation and pathophysiology of
motor activity.
- Describe the structures and mechanisms
involved in control of posture, orientation and equilibrium.
- Explain the normal function and diseases
of the basal ganglia. Describe structures and mechanisms involved
in voluntary motor control.
- Discuss the contribution of the cerebellum
to motor control.
- Discuss the role of the limbic system in
behavior, emotions and mood.
- Explain the mechanisms underlying behavioral
or emotional abnormalities (e.g. schizophrenia, depression).
- Discuss the CNS structures, functions and
dysfunctions involved in "higher" functions such as
personality, learning, memory, intelligence quotient, communication,
comprehension and Alzheimer's disease.
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