Administrative Services
 
September 2008 - BUSINESS NOTES AND NEWS

Key Dates for September 2008 Related to Year-End Processing
 

Some of the key deadlines and tasks planned for August are listed below. All deadlines and tasks are included in the FY08 and FY09 Key Dates Calendar for UH/UHSA Departments on the Finance website: http://www.uh.edu/finance/pages/Calendar.htm


Tuesday – September 2

  • Departments begin non-payroll journal entries for period 998. All non-payroll reallocations in 998 are submitted to General Accounting on a journal entry. Finance will create the voucher for state to local and local to state non-payroll reallocations that occur in 998.
  • First FY09 local AP checks printed for all campuses.

Friday – September 5

  • First deadline for submitting 998 GL journals. These journals will be posted to the General Ledger by General Accounting no later than Sep 9 so departments can review financial system reports Sep 10 for any additional adjustments needed.

Wednesday – September 10

  • Finance emails deficit fund equity report to CDAs for their review.
  • Departments review 998 financial system reports for any additional adjustments needed. These reports will not include UCI/WCI (1% of 998 salary), Administrative Charges on Auxiliary cost centers, or Indirect Cost Expenses on Sponsored Project cost centers. These expenses will post after all 998 adjustments have been entered.
  • Deadline for submitting accounts receivable reconciliation as of August 31 and write-off memos to General Accounting.
  • Deadline for submitting consumable/resale inventory as of August 31 to General Accounting.

Monday – September 15

  • Second and final deadline for submitting 998 GL journals to General Accounting.
  • Deadline to correct FY08 liability balances for P-Cards and Travel Cards. All journal corrections must be done in period 998 and submitted to General Accounting. If corrections are not made in Period 998, AP will inactivate the cards associated with the cost centers until the liability balances are cleared.
  • Finance sends College/Division Administrators a list of proposed FY09 telephone, postage, and long distance encumbrances. Email changes to Mike Glisson by September 23.

Wednesday – September 17

  • Finance posts AP accruals in period 998, FY08, to department cost centers based on UHS_AP_VOUCHERS_TO_ACCRUE query. All vouchers posted Sep 1-15 with a Goods Received Date before Sep 1 will be accrued, except for grant cost centers.

Thursday – September 18

  • Finance posts AP accrual reversal in period 1, FY09.

Monday – September 22

  • Target close for period 998 for department cost centers. Only institutional cost centers should be affected after this date.

Friday – September 26

  • Finance creates journals to encumber FY09 postage, telephone, and long distance.

If you have any questions about the Key Dates Calendar, please contact Mike Glisson at 713.743.870



Understanding UH Business Seminar Fall 08


Preparations are underway for the next installment of Understanding UH Business. This seven-week seminar kicks off Friday, October 10th and runs through November 21st.

What is the Understanding UH Business seminar and why is it important?
Understanding UH Business provides explanations to the key business transactions and processes at the university. Have you ever wondered the following?
  • Why can’t I just use any account as long as the voucher gets processed?
  • What is budget checking and why do we require it?
  • What is a liability? What’s an asset?
  • Why is it important to read a balance sheet?
  • What is the importance of fund codes?
  • Why do so many people have to approve one transaction?
  • Who is Accounts Payable and why do they tell me what to do?
  • What is payroll suspense and how do I correct it?
  • Office of Contracts & Grants or Contract Administration? What's the difference?
  • What effect do the transactions I process have on the annual, administrative reports, and why are these reports necessary?
  • Why do we have so many mandatory training classes?
  • Why are there so many administrative rules and processes and who makes all of these rules any way?
  • Why is everyone so concerned with ethical conduct and fraud at the university?

If you or your staff members ever wanted to know the answers to these questions, then Understanding UH Business will provide a comprehensive and unique perspective. The class instructors are experts in their particular departments and together they help the attendees understand the global effect of individual business processes – both internally and externally.

Who can attend this class?
Classes begin Friday, October 10th from 9am to noon and continue each successive Friday for seven weeks. Attendees must be able to attend all sessions to participate.

Attendance is open to anyone interested in developing an understanding of the university’s business processes. To express interest and be nominated to attend this class, fill out the nomination form here for yourself and/or your direct reports.

Questions about the curriculum or program should be directed to the Customer Service Center at
713-743-3988.



Just Around the Corner - FY09 Mandatory Training


It’s almost that time of year again…Annual Mandatory Training is fast approaching, and this year we can’t wait to show off some of the changes we’ve implemented based the feedback we received from you last year. The first noticeable change is that mandatory training is beginning in October (as opposed to last year’s September go live date) to avoid the new year rush.

The next thing you’ll notice is that all employees will receive one initial notification email
October 1st from the Faculty and Staff listservs to indicate that the four mandatory-for-all
trainings listed below are available online (as opposed to multiple emails from PeopleSoft).

This year the following trainings must be completed by all university employees (this includes faculty, staff, student workers, and temporary employees paid through the payroll system):
 
COURSE CODE NAME
H09001 Secure Our Systems
F09002 FERPA Training
F09037 Code of Ethics
F09024 Fraud Awareness

All full-time faculty, all exempt staff, and non-exempt staff with purchasing responsibilities will be required to complete the F09028 – External Consulting & Related Party Disclosure form as well.

If you are required to complete any Finance Role-Based training you will receive another email from our UHS Training listserv indicating the additional trainings you are required to complete depending on your access and/or job duties. The following Annual Mandatory Finance Role-Based trainings will be available October 1st:

COURSE CODE NAME
F09015 Petty Cash & Change Fund Custodians
F09016 Procurement Card Cardholder
F09017 Procurement Card Business Office
F09018 Travel Card Cardholder
F09019 Travel Card Business Office
F09033 Credit Card Processing
F09034 Credit Card Accounting
F09035 Credit Card Data Security
F09038 Cash Security Procedures
F09039 Cash Deposit & Security Procedures

If a new employee needs to complete any of the Finance Role-Based trainings listed above prior to October 1st, so that they may gain necessary access or perform necessary job duties, please contact the Customer Service Center at 713-743-3988 to make arrangements.

All mandatory trainings must be completed by December 31, 2008. Future merit eligibility and other related privileges or access may be withheld unless training is completed. Information on training completion will be provided on a weekly basis to the college/division administrators and monthly to the division vice president. If you have questions about mandatory training, please contact the Customer Service Center at 713.743.3988.
 



Required New Hire Mandatory Training


Employees hired between September 1, 2007 and August 31, 2008, whose job data was entered into the HR PeopleSoft system by August 31, 2008 have been enrolled in New Hire Mandatory Training.  These employees were notified of the requirement to complete the training within 30 days of hire via email.  The following FY08 New Hire Mandatory Trainings will be available in the new employee's UHS Online Training account through September 29, 2008:
 
COURSE CODE NAME
F08040 FY08-NewHire-SecureOurSystems
F08041 FY08-NewHire-FraudAwareness
F08042 FY08-NewHire-CodeofEthics
F08043 FY08-NewHire-EEO

Please encourage your employees to complete their Mandatory New Hire Training by September 29th.  The following queries are available in HRMS to monitor employee New Hire Training status:

  • UHSTRAIN_FY08_NEWHIRE_BYDEPT
  • UHSTRAIN_FY08_NEWHIRE_BYCOLL
  • UHSTRAIN_FY08_NEWHIRE_BYDIV
We will begin enrolling employees hired after September 1, 2008 (or those who were hired before but entered into HRMS after) in FY09 Mandatory New Hire Training on October 1, 2008.

If you have questions about new employee mandatory training, please contact the Customer Service Center at 713.743.3988.



HUB VENDOR OF THE MONTH

WHO:
The Office Furniture Source
Owner: Linda Reichardt
Independent locally women owned company with twenty plus years experience in the Office Furniture Business.

WHAT:
Sells new and used office furniture, includes work stations, custom design and upholstery.

Customer Base:
University of Houston, Law Offices of John O’Quinn, Houston Community College, Alvin Community College, Fox Sports Net, City of Houston, Houston Police Department, Channel 39, My Fox 20, Champion Chrysler & Jeep, etc.

HOW:
Contact: Linda Reichardt
Office: 713-.77.2224, Cell: 713.208.1919, Fax: 713.774.2669.
Showroom opened by appointment. We make office visits.

ONE THING ABOUT OUR COMPANY THAT WE WOULD LIKE UH TO KNOW:
Our focus is the one on one relationship with each customer and department. We are here to make purchasing office furniture a more pleasant experience. We enjoy introducing new product lines making sure the end user knows what is available to them. We are small but great things come in small packages. We like to be a hands on company, knowing the smallest detail it takes to make each project perfect.

INTERESTING FACT ABOUT THE COMPANY:
The company was started six years ago. We saw a need to be price competitive and to bring personal service back into the industry. One of my best experiences was when one of my automobile dealerships was in desperate need of ten custom built tables for their showroom. Our competition said it would take six weeks or more for the tables to be made. To my customer’s surprise, we had them delivered and installed the next morning at a lower price. I called the purchaser as soon as my installation crew finished setting up the tables and asked how everything looked; he said the tables were perfect. He is still amazed to this day how those custom tables were delivered in such timely manner! We do what we can to provide the best knowledge and service in the office furniture industry. There are no amateurs at this company. We have enjoyed meeting quite a few people at the university and look forward to a great working relationship with each department. There are two alumni associated with our company. Coming back to UH brings back wonderful memories. Go Cougars!


For further information on this or other HUB vendors contact the Purchasing Department :
713.743.5666



Interviewing Tips


The selection/interviewing process can be a powerful tool for hiring departments. Below are eight tips to help increase the likelihood of selecting the best candidate for an open position.
  1. Write a realistic job description: tailor the job description to fit your department needs. Prioritize job tasks in order of importance.


  2. Read resumes with a critical eye: confirm that candidates have the experience and qualifications required to perform the job. If there are gaps in employment ask for clarification.


  3. Solicit referrals: source candidates via various media sourcing and networking.


  4. Phone Screen: phone screens are scripted fact finding interview sessions with candidates. Be prepared for the phone interview by having the job description along with your scripted questions before calling candidates. Briefly explain the job responsibilities, ask a few basic job related questions and confirm if salary range is acceptable.


  5. Conduct a thorough interview: to help you make an informed decision, gather as much information as you can about the candidates. Ask specific job related questions about how the candidates have handled a particular situation. If necessary, ask follow up questions on certain responses from the candidate. Quality candidates will expect and be prepared for such questions. Take brief notes so you will be able to recall key points from each candidate during the evaluation process.


  6. Closing the interview: always end an interview on a friendly but neutral note; do not give false encouragement or go into details for rejection. Review the next phase in the hiring process with a clear and honest timetable and abide by the timetable.


  7. Check references: contact previous employers listed, and if possible previous supervisors for references.


  8. Perform background checks: if your position is security sensitive complete a CHRI before making an official job offer.


ePAR Tips
  1. Choosing which ePAR form to use:
     
    Hire Form: Hire a new employee
    Rehire a terminated employee
    Transfer an employee from another department
    Promote an employee from another department
    Add an additional job for an employee
    Exempt Staff Overload

    Edit Existing Job: Any changes for an employee in your department
    Transfers within your department
      Promotions within your department
      Pay Rate Changes
      FTE Changes

    Change Employment Status: Terminations
    Retirements
    Leave of Absence (unpaid leave)
      Paid Leave of Absence
      Return from Leave

    Additional Pay: Not for work performed
    Communication Allowance
      Car Allowance
      Employee Awards
      Incentive Pay (by HR approval only)
      Human Subjects
      Royalties
      Miscellaneous Compensation (by HR approval only)

  2. Always use “Search for People” before hiring a new employee. Many people already have a PeopleSoft ID, such as students, applicants, and visitors.


  3. All hires and rehires with greater than one year break in service must complete an I-9 on or before the first day of work. If you have questions about completing an I-9, please contact HRIM or your generalist.

    1. Use a current unexpired I-9 form. The current form is available on the HR website.
    2. Ensure employee completes I-9 Section 1 completely.
    3. Complete all fields in I-9 Section 2.
    4. Write the ePAR number in the top margin of the I-9.
    5. Attach page 2 (List of Acceptable Documents).
    6. Do not scan or copy I-9 forms.
    7. Send I-9 to HRIM at mail code 5009, or room 342.


  4. If the employee marked “An alien authorized to work until,” then the employee must complete the Foreign National Tax Information Form. Scan and attach the entire tax package with copies of requested documents to the ePAR and name the attachment “Foreign National.”


  5. All new employees must complete the Personal Data Sheet (3 page New Hire Information Form). Scan and attach this to the ePAR and name the attachment “Personal Data.”


  6. Do not combine the documents listed above into a single attachment. Foreign National paperwork and Personal Data go to different offices for processing.


  7. Attachments should only be in Word document or Adobe PDF formats.


  8. Attachments should not contain any information about other employees. These attachments and ePARs become a permanent part of the employee's personnel file, and including another employee's information could violate privacy regulations.

  9. The new minimum wage for graduate students is $600 for 50% FTE. The reason for the $600 minimum is the new federal minimum wage of $6.55 per hour and the Masters Student minimum for tuition waivers. (The $600 minimum can be adjusted for FTE, i.e. $300 for 25% FTE.)

If you are responsible for preparing personnel transactions and you have not attended ePAR training, please contact Mandi Oliver at 713.743.0903 or mcoliver@uh.edu to sign up for the next session.



Coaching, Discipline and Documentation Training


Human Resources would like to invite you to enroll in the Coaching, Discipline and Documentation training offered to all leaders at the University of Houston.

This leadership development training course is designed to develop and demonstrate effective strategies for coaching and disciplining employees, and documenting those issues, in order to better manage employee performance and to describe strategies for using FOSA (Facts, Objectives, Solution and Actions).

These courses are offered every other month and you can register online. Human Resources is committed to equipping our leaders to become GREAT leaders by managing your employees and providing them with the tools necessary to improve performance.

The next training will be on September 24th from 8:30am – 11:30am (Course Code: HRCDD, Session Number: 0007). We would love to have you participate in this training as it will enhance your leadership skills and provide you with the necessary tools to help when dealing with employee issues. I want to also encourage you to solicit your peers in leadership to attend as well.


CLICK HERE FOR INSTRUCTIONS ON HOW TO REGISTER FOR COURSES >

CLICK HERE TO REGISTER FOR THIS COURSE >





Update to P-Card and Travel Card Guidelines


Effective September 4, 2008, a security background check (criminal history investigation) will be required for new P-Card/Travel Card applicants, who have not had a background check in the past six months. This is the same background check conducted on employees applying for security sensitive positions. Background checks are not required for existing cardholders or applicants who have passed a background check in the past six months.

The purpose of the background check is to reduce the risk of fraudulent misuse of university credit cards by only issuing cards to employees who pass a criminal history investigation. Of course, simply because someone passes a background check, this is no guarantee that he/she will not commit fraud in the future. However, we can reduce the risk of fraud by not issuing university credit cards to people who have committed a criminal offense in the past seven years (the period covered by the background check).

Procedure for Background Check
  1. In addition to the P-Card or Travel Card Application, the prospective cardholder/custodian completes the Authorization for Criminal History Investigation form located on the     Human Resources forms page and submits it along with the Application to Accounts Payable. (If the applicant previously completed the Authorization for Criminal History Investigation form within the past six (6) months, he/she should notify AP and the applicant will not be required to complete it again. AP will request a letter from HR with the date and results of the previous background check.)


  2. Account Payable faxes the Authorization for Criminal History Investigation form to the designated person in Human Resources.


  3. Human Resources coordinates with the UH Department of Public Safety to conduct the background check.


  4. Human Resources e-mails a letter to Accounts Payable indicating if the applicant passed or failed the background check. Detailed information about the applicant’s record will not be included in the letter.


  5. If the applicant passed the background check, Accounts Payable will proceed to issue the P-Card/Travel Card. If the applicant failed the background check, Accounts Payable will send an e-mail to the college/division administrator and applicant notifying them that the P-Card/Travel Card will not be issued because the applicant did not pass the background check. The letter from Human Resources will be retained by Accounts Payable in their P-Card/Travel Card application files.

The updated Applications and Guidelines are on the Finance website:

P-Card: http://www.uh.edu/finance/pages/AP_Pcard.htm

Travel Card: http://www.uh.edu/finance/pages/AP_Travel.htm

If you have any questions, please contact Armand Villacorte at 713.743.5660 or amvillacorte@uh.edu for P-Cards or Sandra Silva at 713.743.5883 or ssilva@uh.edu for Travel Cards.



Consequences of P-Card and Travel Card Fraud


P-Cards and Travel Cards may only be used for authorized expenditures that benefit the university. They may not be used for personal expenditures or expenditures that violate university policy.

If a cardholder accidently uses his/her P-Card or Travel Card for a non-university or unauthorized purchase, he/she should immediately return the item purchased to the vendor, if possible, for a refund to the credit card. If that is not possible, he/she should write a personal check payable to the University of Houston for the amount of the purchase and give the check to his/her department to deposit in the same cost center and account where the expense will be posted. In either case, the SDOL Expense Report signed by the cardholder should indicate that a purchase was made by mistake and credited back to the card or refunded by the cardholder. These incidents should be reported to Accounts Payable. After three accidental non-university or unauthorized purchases, assuming the money is refunded, the P-Card or Travel Card will be cancelled.

If a cardholder purposely misuses his/her P-Card or Travel Card, as indicated by multiple unauthorized transactions in a short period, an unauthorized transaction for a large dollar amount, falsifying documentation of purchases, or not reimbursing UH for “accidental” purchases, the unauthorized purchase may be considered fraud. Purchases suspected to be fraudulent must be reported in accordance with SAM 01.C.04, Reporting/Investigating Fraudulent Acts. In accordance with this policy, suspected fraud must be reported to law enforcement for investigation and referral to the District Attorney. The card will be suspended or canceled pending the outcome of the investigation. If it is determined that fraud has occurred, the employee will likely be terminated and criminally prosecuted.

In the past six months, three UH System employees have been terminated and are undergoing criminal prosecution for fraudulent purchases with P-Cards or Travel Cards. Some of them were reported through the MySafeCampus fraud hotline (www.mysafecampus.com or 1.800.716.9007) and others were discovered by their department or Accounts Payable during the monthly review of transactions. For more information about reporting fraud through MySafeCampus, visit the       Fraud and Institutional Compliance page on the Finance website.



Historically Underutilized Business (HUB) Statistics


University of Houston HUB use for August 2008 = 14.13%

UH System Administration HUB use for August 2008 = 5.99%

UH/UHSA departments with 90% HUB use or higher that spent at least $100 in August 2008

 
College/Division Department HUB Use Total Purchased
Law Center FACULTY SUPPORT, LAW 100.00% 6,722.76
Academic Affairs ACADEMIC PROG MANAGEMENT 100.00% 5,739.58
Business Administration ACCOUNTANCY AND TAXATION 100.00% 4,907.55
Law Center LEGAL RESEARCH & WRITING, LAW 100.00% 2,978.40
Law Center BLAKELEY INSTITUTE 100.00% 2,780.61
Law Center ASSOCIATE DEAN, LAW 100.00% 2,589.82
University Advancement CREATIVE SERVICES 100.00% 2,427.77
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences ANTHROPOLOGY 100.00% 1,063.28
Education INSTITUTE FOR URBAN EDUCATION 100.00% 1,014.19
Law Center LEGAL AID CLINIC, LAW 100.00% 589.96
Business Administration CTR FOR EXECUTIVE DEVELOPMENT 100.00% 216.25
Law Center HEALTH LAW & POLICY INSTITUTE 98.62% 2,873.92
Law Center DEAN, LAW 96.55% 468.38
University Advancement ADVANCEMENT INFORMATION SVCS 96.41% 35,163.88
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences COMMUNICATION 96.01% 148,963.83
Student Affairs UNIVERSITY CAREER SERVICES 94.75% 3,394.17
Technology INFORMATION & LOGISTICS TECH 94.24% 94,384.36
Academic Affairs ACADEMIC ADV/ORIENTATION 93.43% 28,501.14
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences SOCIOLOGY 92.00% 3,903.89
Academic Affairs INSTITUTIONAL RESEARCH 91.78% 2,851.64
Liberal Arts and Social Sciences CWMCA CENTER FOR THE ARTS 90.93% 1,732.67

The above percentages include HUB-eligible voucher and P-Card payments. However, HUB subcontractor payments are not included in the monthly HUB statistics but are included in the semi-annual and annual HUB reports. For departments with more than one DeptID, all DeptIDs were combined to determine the above ranking.

HUB reports by college/division and department are posted on the web at: 
http://www.uh.edu/finance/pages/HUB_Reports.htm

See the HUB Vendor Directory for a list of frequently-used HUB vendors: http://www.uh.edu/hub/

You can also call Alan Philips at 713.743.5671 if you need help finding a HUB vendor.



SEPTEMBER CALENDAR
 

MONDAY

TUESDAY

WEDNESDAY

THURSDAY

FRIDAY

1

 


   HOLIDAY

2
Monthly Payday

Run Leave Accrual

First FY09 Local Checks Printed for All Campuses


3
Off Cycle Payday

9
:30 Outstanding Customer Service

Bi-Weekly (B090208) Timesheets Due in Payroll by Noon

1:30 Basic Finance




 
4
Run Bi-Weekly (B090208) Trial

 
5
Bi-Weekly (B090208) Corrections Due in Payroll by Noon

Payroll Reallocations Processed by Noon

First Deadline to Submit 998 GL Journals.

Last day of September P-Card billing cycle

Target Date to Close August (12) Accounting Period (Wait for Listserv Announcement)

Deadline to Scan & Upload the P-Card Signed August Billing Cycle Expense Report to the Finance System

8
8:30 New Hire Orientation

Run Bi-Weekly (B090208) Final at 9am

Final FY08 998 Reallocations Due

Begin Entering September Billing Cycle P-Card Transactions in SDOL

Deadline to Correct FY08 Liability Balances for P-Cards and Travel Cards

5:00PM Deadline to Update P-Card & Travel Card September Billing Cycle Transactions in SDOL for AP Analysis

Finance Sends CDAs List of Proposed FY09 Telephone, Postage, and Long Distance Encumbrances. Email Changes to Mike Glisson by September 23

9 10
Off Cycle Payday

9:00 I-9 Training

9:00 Query 8.9

2:00 Voucher Creation and Workflow

Deficit Fund Equity Report Sent to CDAs for Review

Deadline to Submit Accounts Receivable Reconciliation as of August 31 and Write-Off Memos to General Accounting

Deadline to Submit Consumable/Resale Inventory as of August 31 to General Accounting


Last Day of September Travel Card Billing Cycle
 
11
Biweekly (B091608) PAR's Due in HR

Monthly PAR's Due in HR

Begin Entering September Billing Cycle Travel Card Transactions in SDOL

Deadline to Scan & Upload the T-Card Signed August Billing Cycle Expense Report to the Finance System

 

12
Bi-Weekly Payday

9:30 IMPACT: Diversity Awareness

Payroll Reallocations Processed by Noon

 
15
8:30 New Hire Orientation

Second and Final Deadline to Submit 998 GL Journals to General Accounting

 

 

16
1:30 Basic Finance

 
17
Off Cycle Payday

9:00 Essentials of Leadership Part 1

9:30 Travel Forms and Rules

Bi-Weekly (B091608) Timesheets Due in Payroll by Noon

Results of P-Card and Travel Card September Billing Cycle SDOL Analysis Distributed

Finance Posts AP Accruals in Period 998, FY08, to Department Cost Centers


Deadline for CDAs to Notify Mike Glisson Which Administrators and Unit Heads Will Complete the FY08 Department Fraud Risk Survey

18
Run Bi-Weekly (B091608) Trial

Finance Posts AP Accrual Reversal in Period 1, FY09
19
9:00 Essentials of Leadership Part 2

Bi-Weekly (B091608) Corrections Due in Payroll by Noon

Payroll Reallocations Processed by Noon


 
22
8:30 New Hire Orientation

Run Bi-Weekly (B091608) Final at 9am

5:00PM Deadline to Update P-Card & Travel Card September Billing Cycle Transactions in SDOL for AP Analysis

Target close for period 998 for department cost centers
 
23 24
Off Cycle Payday

8
:30 Coaching Discipline & Documentation

Run Monthly (M093008) Trial

Monthly (M093008) Corrections Due by 3pm

October Accounting Period Opens


 

25
Biweekly (B093008) PAR's Due in HR

Run Monthly (M093008) Final at 9am

1:30 Dealing Effectively With Conflict

2:00 Query 8.9

 
26
Bi-Weekly Payday

Payroll Reallocations Processed by Noon

Finance Creates Journals to Encumber FY09 Postage, Telephone, and Long Distance
 
29
8:30 New Hire Orientation

 

 

 

30
1:30 Essentials of Time Management, Part 1)

August Billing Cycle P-Card & Travel Card Compliance Analysis Distributed to CDAs