Keywords for The Engines of Our Ingenuity
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1 Oliver Evans and an early American steam powered amphibian [steamboat, transportation, steam engine, auto, Oructor] 2 The Jacquard loom and the invention of the computer [weaving, Babbage, cards, textile] 3 The monk who flew in 1005 AD [flight, medieval, Firnas, glider, Benedictine, airplane] 4 Benjamin Thompson/Count Rumford and the conservation of energy [heat, American Revolution, Lavoisier, thermodynamics] 5 The pendulum clock escapement and the merger of science and technology [Bacon, Galileo, Huygens, Hooke, science] 6 Jouffroy: one of the first successful steamboat makers. [Newcomen, France, d'Auxiron, transportation] 7 Fokker and the machine gun interrupter mechanism [flight, war, WW-1, airplane] 8 Pittsburgh in 1816 [steamboat, iron, coal, industry, glass] 9 The Cistercian order and power technology [Benedictines, water wheels, factory, religion, White] 10 The Medieval character of the wild West [America, saddle, whiskey, log cabin, cowboy, White] 11 Electric lights in the 80 years before Edison [arc light, incandescent, Grove, Swan, Davy, de la Rue] 12 A definition of the words: science, technology, and engineering [techni, ingenuity] 13 Dionysius Lardner and early steam power technology [handbook, conservation, coal, ecology, pyramids, environment] 14 John Fitch and the first commercially successful steamboat [Fulton, Watt, Rumsey, Philadelphia, Kentucky] 15 Early inventions of the electric telegraph [Morse, electrostatic, Watson, LeSage] 16 Homo Technologicus [techni, technology, anthropology, tools] 17 Marc Isambard Brunel and his son, Isambard Kingdom Brunel [Great Eastern, tunnel, Great Western, materialism] 18 How some contemporary poets saw the Industrial Revolution [Shelley, Blake, Burns, Scott, literature] 19 The Crystal Palace and the great 1851 exhibition [Paxton, Queen Victoria, Brunel, design, architecture] 20 Genetic mutations of wheat and the invention of farming [emmer, anthropology, agriculture, genetics, grain, biology, mutation] 21 Santos-Dumont, Zeppelin, and the great airships [Giffard, dirigible, balloons, flight, airplane] 22 The first American iron production in Saugus, Mass. [nails, smelting, mill, forge, wrought iron, Colonial] 23 The light bulb and the vacuum tube [Edison effect, Fleming, telegraphy, radio tube] 24 The wheel: a very difficult concept [crank, rotational motion, invention] 25 NASA's "crawler transporter," the world's largest land transportation vehicle [space, NASA, tracked vehicle] 26 Three-field crop rotation and the origins of Western technology [agriculture, grain, protein, horse, ox, plow, White] 27 Vannevar Bush and the great Rockefeller Differential Analyzer [analog, digital, computer] 28 The first American steam engine [Hornblower, Schuyler, Adams, Colonial America, Franklin] 29 The Windmill: A device that has come, gone, and may come again [Cervantes, Quixote, power, propeller, Watt] 30 Colonial America, 1776: A new nation of glorious amateurs [Fitch, Barlow, Jefferson, Monticello, Franklin] 31 The century-long retention of masts and sails on steamships [Savannah, Great Western, Monitor, Merrimac, transportation] 32 The Wright brothers battle for priority over Langley [Aerodrome, Walcott, Curtiss, Abott, NASA, flight] 33 Perpetua Mobile and the Medieval mind [perpetual motion, Bhaskara, power, machine] 34 The Douglas DC-3: an airplane for all seasons [transportation, flight, Rockne, Fokker triplane, DC-1, DC-2, Shang-Ri-La] 35 Does war influence technological evolution? Some surprising facts [airplane, speed, production, invention] 36 The Erie Canal [transportation, Great Lakes, Buffalo, Hudson, Niagara, Jefferson, Gallatin, Clinton] 37 The first twenty years of transatlantic flights [Zeppelin, Lindbergh, Alcock, Brown, Ortieg, transportation, Ryan] 38 The development of the seemingly uncomplicated window pane [soda-lime, Alexandria, stained glass, crown glass, plate glass] 39 Balloonist Jean-Pierre Blanchard, the first barnstormer [flight, Franklin, transportation, Jeffries, Washington, Philadelphia] 40 The invention of money -- an abstraction of goods and services [talent, trade, coin, notes, computers, exchange, anthropology] 41 Frankenstein -- the monster of our obsessiveness [Shelley, Byron, Lardner, literature, Romantic, Wollstonecraft] 42 Our radar warning of the Pearl Harbor attack [communications, war, Hulsmeyer] 43 Vespucci and the naming of America [Columbus, Waldseemuller, exploration, geography, transportation] 44 The invention of the parachute [Leonardo da Vinci, flight, Lenormand, Renaissance] 45 Fahrenheit and thermometry [heat, science, Newton] 46 The clock as preparation for modern science [Baroque, feedback, art] 47 Moment of inertia and satellite stability [Landon, Sputnik, Explorer, space, NASA, Bracewell, failure, RCA] 48 The lowly, but not-so-simple, dressmaker's pin [clothing, Cowper, Smith, robot, mass production, machine] 49 Some technology that we don't see when we first look [horn, gears, 3-M, invention] 50 Mark Twain and the Paige Compositor [Linotype, design, machine, Merganthaler, production, printing, function] 51 A short discourse on tunneling [Whittier, aqueduct, canals, railroads, transportation, Hoosac, Brunel] 52 Man the measure -- man the meter [folklore, units, Watt, temperature, power, length] 53 Technology in Alexandria, ca. 200 BC [Alexander, Euclid, Hellenistic, Archimedes, Ptolemy, feedback, water clock] 54 O'Shaughnessy and the Indian telegraph system [Morse, Crimean war, Sepoy, communication, electricity] 55 How we name our machines [flight, airplane, refrigerator, engine, machine, computer, steam engine, automobile] 56 An encounter with Einstein [science] 57 Ceremony in the manufacture of a Samurai sword [metallurgy, standards, forging, iron, steel] 58 Crossing the English Channel without ships [flight, tunnel, Gossamer Albatross, Kremer prize] 59 The transatlantic telegraph cable [Field, Gisborne, Great Eastern, Queen Victoria, Buchanan, communication] 60 A critique of Bushnell's invention of the submarine [Turtle, Hopkinson, transportation, war, Colonial America] 61 The skyscraper and the great Chicago fire [elevator, steel, Chicago, design, iron] 62 Joseph Stalin and Russian aircraft records in the 1930s [flight, Tupolev, records, war] 63 Some thoughts about engineering systems [design] 64 Rudolf Diesel and his wonderful engine [engine, power, priority, internal combustion] 65 Some summary thoughts after the first 64 episodes [Einstein, Edison, education] 66 Technologies that put an end to record-setting [speed, aircraft, microwave, transportation] 67 The story of a failed airplane design -- the XP-75 [design, Ford, Berlin, General Motors, Loren, flight] 68 A question of size -- some notions about scale [dimensional analysis, similitude] 69 Steam engines in England during the 18th century [Watt, Savery, Newcomen, power, England] 70 Some thoughts on fame and fortune in technology [Bible, Quixote, invention, Boelter] 71 The Guillotine and the democratization of death [execution, France, Rumford, Lavoisier, death] 72 The invisible invention of the clock [water clock, Honnecourt, di Dondi, time] 73 The tragic tale of Evariste Galois [Napoleon, Ecole, algebra, group theory, mathematics] 74 Germs and the Broad Street Well [Snow, Koch, Lister, cholera, medicine, disease] 75 On the rediscovery of lighter-than-air flight [dirigible, Zeppelin, flight, aircraft, blimp, Hindenburg, transportation] 76 The alchemists and chemistry before the middle 19th century [Aristotle, caloric, phlogiston, science] 77 Napoleon Bonaparte and iron construction in France [Ecole, bridges, Eiffel, monuments] 78 The development of the bicycle [automobile, Macmillan, hobbyhorse, transportation] 79 A horseless carriage offered to Anne Boleyn [England, automobile, power] 80 On the absence of women in the history of technology [Cowan, Pursell, Masters, engineering] 81 Two unsinkable ships: the Titanic and the Great Eastern [Brunel, accidents, safety, invention] 82 Late 18th century competition among roads, canals and railways [transportation, power, mines, mining] 83 Alfred Ely Beach's secret subway [Tammany, Scientific American, New York, Tweed, transportation] 84 Thomas Sopwith's hundredth birthday [flight, von Richtofen, transportation, war, aircraft] 85 The development of the helicopter [Forlanini, da Vinci, aircraft, flight, transportation, Sikorsky, Cornu, autogyro] 86 The discovery of oxygen and scientific revolution [Priestley, Lavoisier, Scheele, Kuhn, Dalton, chemistry] 87 John and Washington Roebling, and the Brooklyn Bridge [Hegel, suspension bridge, construction] 88 A concern about computers and the redefinition of reality [computer graphics, Torrance, movie] 89 On saying goodbye to lighthouses and cabooses [obsolete, obsolescence] 90 Georg Cantor, the man who counted beyond infinity [mathematics, set theory, science, infinity] 91 Liberty ships: an amateur takes over the trade [transportation, war, construction, design, Kaiser] 92 Occam's razor and engineering design [Shakers] 93 Teaching the American public to use the telephone [Bell, telegraph, communication] 94 The Black boxing of technology [education, invention] 95 On superconductors and steamboats [Chu, invention, science, electricity, Fulton] 96 Streamlining the American public [design, automobile, airfoil] 97 Medieval masons and their cathedrals [medieval, stone, construction] 98 George Everett Hale and BIG telescopes [Palomar, optical, optics, astronomy] 99 The hourglass: the poor man's clock, the poor man's metaphor [timekeeping, Renaissance] 100 The invention and selling of the typewriter [communication, Monaco, Remington, business] 101 Interchangeable parts [design, manufacture, Franklin, Gutenberg, Whitney, guns, Ford] 102 Lord Byron's daughter, first computer programmer [Babbage, Ada, analytical engine, literature, women] 103 Covering up Soviet technological disasters [Russia, flight, safety] 104 Baroque violins, ice cream, and DC-3's [design, flight, music] 105 Eighteenth century water wheel technology [power, Pompadour, de Parcieux, turbine, Smeaton] 106 Stability: not always a virtue [design, flight, aircraft, mechanics] 107 The wind and its technologies in the ancient mind [literature] 108 Trench warfare and the technology of war [Tuchman, guns, automatic weapons, Maginot] 109 High-pressure steam engines and transportation [railroad, Watt, Cugnot, Trevithick, power] 110 Nevil Shute: engineer and author [literature, airplanes] 111 Topsell's history of four-footed beasts and serpents [zoology, printing] 112 The failure of the Comet jet-liner, and Nevil Shute's anticipation of it. [literature, airplanes, safety, design] 113 Galileo, Torricelli, and von Guericke; and the idea of a vacuum [Savery, Magdeburg, pumps, power, steam engine] 114 The brief day of the great flying boats [flight, transportation, Martin, Hughes, seaplanes] 115 Guido da Vigevano's handbook for a crusader [war, medieval, design, invention] 116 Ceredi's re-invention of Archimedes' pump [invention, Galileo, Aristotle, philosophy] 117 The Korean "Turtle Boat" -- the first ironclad [war, Japan, naval, navy, design] 118 The English and 18th century ballooning [England, Lunardi, flight, transportation, invention] 119 J. Willard Gibbs, America's greatest scientist [science, thermodynamics, Yale, physics] 120 Su-Sung's wonderful 11th century water clock [China, timekeeping, escapement] 121 The Second Law of Thermodynamics and time's arrow [LaChatelier, Braun, entropy] 122 Diderot's Encyclopedie and the French revolution [dictionary, encyclopedia, France, literature] 123 Recovering from the Black Death [disease, medicine, Renaissance, printing, timekeeping] 124 The camera obscura, waiting for someone to provide the film [photography, France, lithography, Kepler, Niepce] 125 On finding the first internal combustion-engine driven auto [Benz, de Rochas, Marcus, invention, transportation] 126 Some thoughts on liability and reasonable risk [safety, Hamurabi, nuclear] 127 Black American inventors before the Civil War [McCormick, Whitney, cotton gin, reaper, Davis, Blair] 128 The Liberty Bell [American Revolution, metallurgy, casting] 129 The mad scientist -- an unshakable image [Frankenstein, Faust, Marlowe, Shelley, literature] 130 Urban archaeology provides a window to the past [anthropology, Brown, Ashton villa, Galveston, mansion] 131 Henry Adams ponders the Virgin and the Dynamo [science, medieval, Langley, exhibition] 132 The Kansas City, Hyatt-Regency skywalk failure [safety, design] 133 How the 1903 Cadillac brought American cars to England [automobile, transportation, interchangeable] 134 A ghostly Japanese navy at the bottom of Truk Lagoon [war, shipwrecks] 135 On learning to use coal [power, metallurgy, wood] 136 Herbert Hoover: Humanitarian and Engineer [Stanford, mining, geology] 137 Music-making: the first human technology [Bible, art, anthropology, Shakespeare, Stevens] 138 Albrecht Durer: Germany's answer to Leonardo [printing, perspective, geometry, engraving, art, Renaissance] 139 Herbert and Lou Hoover meet Georgius Agricola [Stanford, mining, geology, metallurgy, Renaissance, women] 140 Technological half-truths and technical literacy [heat, thermodynamics] 141 Benjamin Franklin's experiments in heat transfer [thermodynamics, light, science, radiation] 142 Max Jakob: a breath of fresh air in a new land [war, Einstein, heat transfer, science, Germany] 143 L.M.K. Boelter: A great engineering educator. [heat transfer, education] 144 Lord Kelvin's miscalculation of the age of the earth [Bible, science, heat transfer, Fourier, Darwin, Heaviside] 145 General Electric and the product-driven innovation cycle [design, manufacturing, Langmuir, electric light bulb] 146 Garrett A. Morgan: a Black American inventor [traffic, safety] 147 Hydrogen, hot air balloons, 19th century chemistry [science, Montgolfier, Charles, phlogiston, flight, transportation] 148 Continuous-aim firing: a diagnosis of an ill-received idea [navy, war, design, invention, guns] 149 Thoughts on the extent of technological change in one generation [generation, tecnological, change, information revolution] 150 Are we alone in the universe? [astronomy, Spielberg, Sagan, radio telescopes] 151 Rediscovering the sunken Union Monitor [Civil War, Merrimack, navy, gun turret, shipwrecks] 152 John Atanasoff's invention of the digital computer [Sperry, design, Honeywell, Mauchly, ENIAC] 153 Flying the Aegean Sea in Daedalus' slipstream [flight, transportation, MIT, design, Greece] 154 Charles Richard Drew and the development of blood banks [Black, plasma, medicine] 155 Some musings on the nature of experimental proofs [science, Fresnel, Poisson] 156 Robert Fulton's last ship, the Steam Battery catamaran [navy, war, invention, design, propeller] 157 Thomas Crapper: The man who didn't invent the flush toilet [valve] 158 Lewis Latimer, a Black pioneer of electric lighting [Edison, Maxim, Bell] 159 Lowell, Massachusetts: a "Utopian" industrial city [textile mills] 160 The first Red Cross Ambulance [medicine, war, Red Cross, Solferino, Dunant, Barton] 161 The Indian canoe -- a perfected technology [design, boat, transportation] 162 Otto Lilienthal and Orville Wright -- one died and the other lived [flight, gliders, Chanute] 163 Numismatics -- coins as a historical record [anthropology, money] 164 Computers and the human mind [neural network] 165 Changes in hand-tools for wood-working, through the Industrial Revolution [Industrial Revolution, wood working, hand tools] 166 Galileo's experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa [science, Aristotle, mechanics] 167 The sewing machine in American life [Singer, Willcox-Gibbs, Saint, design] 168 The Lunar Society and 18th century revolution [Darwin, Watt, Priestley, Boulton, Wedgwood, Herschel, Smeaton] 169 Some trivia in the history of technology and its implication [velcro, valves, Joule] 170 Technologies of the Texas Republic [medicine] 171 Electric power comes to Telluride, Colorado [generator, Edison, Pelton, mining] 172 Herbert J.L. Hinkler, Australian almost-hero of aviation [flight, transportation, Australia] 173 On being shaped by a new computer -- or by any new technology [machine, computer, technology] 174 Nikola Tesla -- another sort of creative mind [Yugoslavia, Edison, Westinghouse, electricity, Rayleigh] 175 Some 2500 year old Chinese bells harbor a secret [music, anthropology, acoustics] 176 On wanting to build my own crystal set [radio, communication, Marconi] 177 Two wealthy men: Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller [iron, steel, oil, business, money, industry] 178 Reflections on growing up in the media [radio, communication, war] 179 On the Invention of the electric chair [death, Tesla, Edison, Faust, electricity] 180 Figuring out the value of Pi [mathematics, Bible] 181 The Industrial Revolution comes to America [Evans, Crystal Palace, millwright, industry] 182 Black and White in pre-revolutionary Virginia [Jefferson, religion] 183 Robert Hooke, Isaac Newton, and a change in science [Bacon, Pope, Royal Society] 184 Count von Zeppelin learns about flying in St. Paul, Minnesota [balloons, dirigible, Hindenburg, flight, transportation] 185 Justus Liebig and the first research laboratory [Gay-Lussac, dye, chemistry, Edison, benzene, aniline] 186 Fourier, Egypt, and modern applied mathematics [science, heat transfer, Napoleon, France] 187 In which I learn that technology is communication [design] 188 We build a dirigible to get to the gold rush [America, Giffard, balloon, transportation, flight, Porter] 189 The two Eiffel towers [Statue of Liberty, France, construction, Iron] 190 The secret dome of St. Paul's Cathedral in London [Wren, construction, design, architecture] 191 Hoover Dam: "Replenish the earth and subdue it." [water management, mead, power, hydroelectric] 192 John Tyndall: measuring sound without electronics [Spenser, music, science, flames] 193 A picture of New York Harbor painted in 1852 [artist, Lane, ships, steamboats, transportation, Gold Rush] 194 On being unreasonable: a repudiation of common sense [Gilbert, invention] 195 Radio Days -- a tribute to early radio [Wells, radio tubes, Hindenburg, communication, media] 196 A visit to the art museum -- artists and technology [Remington, art, sculpture, modern art] 197 The Holland Tunnel -- a story you've heard before [construction, ventilation] 198 Dionysius Lardner looks at a rapidly changing world [handbooks, power, steam, coal, conservation, water power] 199 Ford's star-crossed Eagle boat [ship, war, design, navy, production, design, construction] 200 In which we study an old machinist's handbook [Nicholson, millwright, Industrial Revolution, Dickens] 201 The rush to build the Western riverboats [safety, steamboats, Pittsburgh, transportation] 202 A look at Edwardian patents: 1901-1902 [perpetual motion, Fleming, radio tube, flight] 203 The Encyclopaedia Britannica from 1768 to now [dictionary, encyclopedia, Industrial Revolution] 204 Robert A. Millikan, a man who didn't want to be a physicist [science, Roentgen, Curie, Planck] 205 Cyrus McCormick and the 1876 Centennial Exhibition [America, machinery, Lincoln, industry, business, invention] 206 Astronomy, the pole star, and the wheel [Bronowski, Easter Island] 207 George Seldon, Henry Ford, and Clyde Barrow [automobiles, transportation, Duryea, Gibbs] 208 Technology, art, and the Upper Paleolithic period [invention, anthropology, archaeology, Neanderthal, Cro Magnon, tools] 209 Joseph Priestley: Ben Franklin's "honest heretic" [Industrial Revolution, oxygen, Aristotle, Lunar Society, Boulton, Watt, Darwin, Wedgwood, religion] 210 Maxim's airplane [Ader, flight, transportation, Wright, invention] 211 Anesthesia, another "Who got there first?" question [medicine, chemistry, Long, Wells, Victoria, Morton] 212 Niepce, Daguerre, and the first 30 years of photography [camera obscura, chemistry] 213 The Pythagorean "feminist" philosophers [Theano, Pythagoras, Plato, mathematics, geometry, Greek, women] 214 Cognac grapes growing from Texas rootstocks [Munson, wine, agriculture, botany] 215 Hypatia's mathematics [Hellenistic, astrolabe, densitomiter, Alexandria, women] 216 In which we watch books growing old [library, paper, papyrus, printing, linen, parchment] 217 The saintly Witch of Agnesi [Newton, Italy, mathematics, women, geometry, calculus] 218 The globe-girdling flight of Voyager [Rutan, Yeager, transportation, aircraft, materials] 219 Emilie de Breteuil: only a mind in a gilded cage [Newton, women, Voltaire, France, mathematics] 220 Pride goeth before the fall of the Quebec Bridge [safety, steel construction, cantilever, Cooper] 221 Caroline Herschel: more than meets the eye [women, astronomy, mathematics, Uranus, comets, nebulae] 222 A Good Crystal Ball is Hard to Find [Watt, Edison, transportation, phonograph, communication] 223 Sophie Germain and French applied mechanics [women, mathematics, LaGrange, Gauss, Eiffel] 224 Mary Fairfax Somerville [women, mathematics, science, Babbage, Ada Byron] 225 Sonya Corvin-Krukovsky Kovalevsky [women, mathematics, Weierstrass, mechanics] 226 Emmy Noether, the gentle mathematical powerhouse [women, mathematics, algebra, Einstein, Weyl, Germany] 227 Some summary thoughts on women in mathematics [Hroswitha, engineering] 228 The limestone quarries of Northern France [pyramids, stone, cathedral, safety, construction] 229 Computer systems and railroad track widths [standardization, design] 230 The round earth: a smaller world than the flat one [Columbus, Pythagoreans, Aristotle, Eratosthenes, Egypt] 231 The real McCoy [Black inventor, lubrication, railroads] 232 The ritual origins of technology [Egypt, balance] 233 Balsa wood and composite materials [design, construction, composite materials, boats, airplanes] 234 Dolly Shepherd -- on parachutes, risk, and technology [women, balloons, flight, Buffalo Bill, Garnerin, space] 235 Harrison's wonderful watch [timekeeping, invention, clocks, navigation, Royal Society] 236 Norbert Rillieux and multistage evaporation [Black inventor, agriculture, thermodynamics, Civil War] 237 Early submarines [Verne, Turtle, transportation, war, ships, Fulton, Bauer] 238 The Momsen Lung, a technology that needn't have been [safety, navy, submarines, design, Bauer, war] 239 Chester Carlson and the XeroX machine [printing, communication, invention] 240 Mathematics is too hard for me to learn! [education, mathematics, learning] 241 Giordano Bruno and the radicalization of Copernicus [science, astronomy, religion] 242 The Chinese origin of the bombard [gunpowder, war] 243 What ever became of Babbage's Analytical Engine? [computer] 244 Cable cars: the right technology in the right place [transportation, electric trolley, steam engine] 245 Delaunay Deslandes misses the Industrial Revolution [plate glass, manufacturing, France] 246 The book on weirs from the Turriano Codex [da Vinci, dams, water management] 247 Jean Piaget watches children analyze machines [education, bicycles, psychology] 248 Ninety years before the Golden Gate Bridge [Gold Rush, Fremont, Strauss, safety] 249 Amy Johnson -- an improbable heroine [Earhart, women, flight, transportation, aircraft] 250 Escalator: the magical stairways [steam, exhibition, electricity, Otic, Reno] 251 The timber square set: a mining revolution in Virginia City [invention, construction, Deidesheimer] 252 Archimedes' legendary death ray: Did it exist? [Greek, war, navy] 253 Gaining a concrete understanding of cement [Eddystone Lighthouse, plaster, Smeaton, tuff] 254 Charlie Taylor builds the Wright Brother's engine [flight, invention, design, Ford] 255 The Chrysler Airflow: the Car of the Future [design, automobile, transportation] 256 Reuleaux's kinematics: the soul of a machine [kinematics, mechanics] 257 Charles Preuss maps the American West [surveying, Fremont, Kit Carson, cartography] 258 Hieronymus Bosch's documentary demons [art, pharmacy, chemistry, medicine, communication] 259 Surveying: a no-longer-recognizable technology [surveying, surveyors] 260 150 years of the metric system of units [dimensions, measurement] 261 Aesop's Fables and scientific illustration [Gilbert, Gheeraerts, science, zoology] 262 Light, Experience, and the rise of 17th century science [art, Hals, Pope, Newton, medicine] 263 The Garden of Eden in a computer simulation [science] 264 Oliver Evans -- revised version [transportation, auto, steamboat, oructor amphibolos, vacuum] 265 In which Friederich Kekule sees snakes and the benzene ring [science, invention, Liebig, architecture, chemistry, crime] 266 Galileo roughs upon the Aristotelian moon [art, astronomy, Hariot, Donne] 267 An engine to drive the new dynamos [electric generators, steam engines, steam turbines, Parsons] 268 Diving into an Etruscan shipwreck [archaeology] 269 Mechanical ears in WW-II [war, acoustics, sound, radar] 270 The Deep: Diving into the shipwreck of the RMS Rhone [steamships, packets] 271 Mercer's mad museum of just-abandoned technology [archaeology, anthropology, tools] 272 The railroads and standard time [clocks, timekeeping] 273 Ice, diamonds, and the heat pipe [Trefethen, invention, heat transfer, condensation] 274 The Luddites and thoughts about technological change. [manufacturing] 275 The form and shape of things -- of nature and cities [nature] 276 Charles Proteus Steinmetz -- brilliant engineer and would-be socialist. [GE, electricity, technocracy] 277 The power output of you and of your favorite machine [anthropology] 278 Of mummies and the North Pole [Hellenistic, flight, transportation, invention] 279 The Smithsonian acquires a domestic hydraulic elevator [Otis] 280 The wreck of the Cairo [Civil War, ship, steamboat, gunboat, war, anthropology, archaeology] 281 van Rysselberghe's invention of long-distance telephone service [electricity, communication, Bell, telegraph] 282 The Tacoma Narrows Bridge Failure -- the reenactment of an old disaster [safety, suspension bridge, accidents] 283 An 1869 Harper's article on flight [transportation, ornithopters, Wright Brothers, internal combustion] 284 The aerial map: a dream that was a long time in coming [photography, Daguerreotype, balloons, flight, surveying] 285 Oliver Evans: an American original [millwright, manufacturing, steam engines, handbooks] 286 The musical instrument shop in Colonial Williamsburg [violin, harpsichord, tools] 287 Some reflections on amateurs, professionals, and invention [Goddard, Corelli, rockets] 288 Octave Chanute and the wedding of engineering with flight [gliders, airplanes, engineering, Wright, transportation] 289 In which we watch women join the new technology of flight [war, transportation, Wright, Curtiss, Scott, Clark, Quimby, Stinson] 290 Mapping the moon [Galileo, Hevelius, Borman, astronomy] 291 The French horn and the industrial revolution [music, invention, music, pipe] 292 The Scapa Flow ship cemetery [war, navy, shipwrecks, Royal Oak] 293 Johann Joachim Becher, mercantilism, phlogiston, and gold [science, alchemy, chemistry, metallurgy] 294 Hroswitha, Durer, and medieval feminism [art, mathematics, science, women, literature, printing] 295 Putting a leap second in an elastic year [timekeeping, cesium clock, calendars, standards, measurement] 296 The Anthropic Principle [science, philosophy, Anaxagoras, Blake, Wheeler, anthropology] 297 Wieliczka Sol, the great salt treasure [Poland, mining] 298 A prediction about aerial warfare made in 1909 [flight, transportation, Zeppelin, dirigible, guns] 299 Stereotomy: Mathematics, Masonry, and the trumpet squinch [Architecture, construction, design, geometry] 300 The Gallerie des Machines and the 1889 Paris Exhibition [France, Crystal Palace, Adams, Carnot, construction, iron] 301 The marriage of art with medical dissection [medicine, Aristotle, da Vinci, Dickens, Twain] 302 On the purpose pursued by airplane inventors [war, Wright] 303 The Battle of Lepanto and the last of galleys [Cervantes, ships, war, galleasses] 304 In which Robert Fulton tries to build a submarine [Turtle, Napoleon, steam, Bushnell] 305 Lisa Meitner, the reluctant mother of the atomic bomb [science, chemistry, physics, radiation, women, war] 306 Mothers of invention: women inventing for women [liquid paper, Nesmith, Newmar, Lamar, Baker, invention] 307 A visit to a home that was occupied for 230,000 years [Peking Man, cave, anthropology, tools] 308 The Last of the 7 Wonders of the World, The Great Pyramid [Colossus, Philon, Hellenistic, Sputnik, computer] 309 Hunter-gatherers turn into farmers in Roseburg, Oregon [lumber, logging] 310 The Fairmount Waterworks in old Philadelphia [Twain, turbines, hydraulics, pumps, steam, water wheels, Latrobe, Dickens] 311 The CycloCrane: half helicopter and half blimp [balloons, dirigibles, flight, logging, invention] 312 Old technology faces new at the Battle of Hastings [war, England, horse, armor, arrows] 313 We find the history of trolleys in the middle of a forest [transportation, electric, cable car, railroads] 314 Hippocrates and the oath to do holistic medicine [Hippocrates, medicine, Greek, human body, cutters] 315 The 1909 Sears-Roebuck catalog and 20th century America [Montgomery-ward, manufacturing, typewriter, phonograph] 316 John, Washington, and Emily Roebling; and suspension bridges [construction, wire rope, Lackawaxen] 317 Edwin Armstrong, FM radio, and the superheterodyne [communication, electricity, radio tubes, Sarnoff] 318 Charles Lindbergh, Alexis Carrel, and the invention of the heart pump [flight, medicine, artificial organs] 319 Galen, the driven Roman genius of experimental medicine [Galen, experimental medicine, medical, dissection, Hippocratic] 320 On providing and elevator for the Eiffel Tower in 1889 [construction, Otis, exhibition, buildings] 321 About Galileo, China, and sunspots [science, telescopes, Japan, astronomy] 322 Marriot's Avitor airship and the California Gold Rush [transportation, flight, balloons, dirigibles, Porter] 323 Frozen-out wine, burnt wine, and the invention of brandy [food, alchemy, chemistry, processes, liquor, beer] 324 The Chinese invention of seismography [instrumentation, science, geophysics, earthquake] 325 Andreas Vesalius, renaissance artists, and experimental anatomy [medicine, dissection, surgery, art, Shakespeare, da Vinci] 326 Sybilla Masters, the first and last Colonial woman inventor [America, agriculture, fabric, weaving, patents, women] 327 Ambroise Pare turns butchery into humane surgery [medicine] 328 We find a 2300 year old model airplane in the Cairo Museum [Egypt, flight, transportation, Hellenistic] 329 Production and usury: trying to make money without making things [production, invention, innovation] 330 In which we try not to "yield with grace to reason" [Frost, Isaacks, Jefferson, desalination, engines, Second Law of Thermodynamics] 331 Greth's California Eagle and Baldwin's California Arrow fly over San Francisco [flight, transportation, airship, dirigibles] 332 Teaching mechanics and science by involving student in the thought process [education, Hudson, Casey, MacGyver] 333 Shipwrecks in the Great Lakes. The Northwest Passage [Arabia, Sweepstakes, Huron, Superior, Michigan, Erie, Ontario, St. Lawrence] 334 Lucretius and modern atomic theory, 2000 years too soon [science, Rome, physics, poem, poetry, Aristotle] 335 Erasmus Darwin, poet laureate of the Industrial Revolution [poem, poetry, literature] 336 William Harvey, the doctor who unraveled blood flow [heart, medicine, anatomy, Padua] 337 On life, death, and riding roller coasters [Thompson, Astroworld, gravity, Texas Cyclone] 338 The brief bright day of the Clipper Ship [transportation, steam, sailing] 339 Henry David Thoreau: technologist [literature, lead pencils, invention, transcendentalists] 340 Unwilling Chinese pioneers of kite flight [Marco Polo, balloons, Rozier, Montgolfier, Baden-Powell] 341 Scientific literacy: a many-sided problem [education] 342 Walt Whitman's "Leaves of Grass": a photograph of America [literature, camera, poem, poetry] 343 A 6000 year old roadway in neolithic England [Stone age, construction, highway, transportation, tools] 344 Measuring the distance from Earth to the moon [space, laser, instrumentation, accuracy] 345 Watching the space shuttle glow in the dark [telescope, atmosphere, chemistry, kinetic theory, corrosion] 346 America learns consumerism [advertising, design, retail sales] 347 Shrodinger's metaphysical cat [physics, quantum, philosphy, reality] 348 The riddle of the camera and reality [Holmes, Orvell, stereoptican, photography, manufacturing] 349 Morrel's California Ariel: a great forgotten dirigible failure [flight, transportation, balloon, Zeppelin] 350 Robert Boyle, and his laboratory assistants: Hooke and Papin [steam engine, pressure cooker, science] 351 Mapping Antarctica [Amundsen, Byrd, geography, geology, South Pole, exploration] 352 The 15th century origin of the suction pump [Columbus, sailing ships, mining, drainage, bilge, laboratory] 353 James Porteous and the invention of the Fresno Scraper [California, American West, earth moving, heavy equipment, agriculture, civil engineering] 354 Thomas Burnet and the scale of geological time [Newton, cosmology, science, geology, Gould, Earth, religion, Bible] 355 The remarkable level of engineering in the Neolithic stone age [pyramids, Egypt, archaeology, construction, tools] 356 The folly of naming the first inventor [light bulb, Edison, Grove, electricity, steamboat, Fitch, Davy, invention, Swan, de la Rue] 357 The 2nd Anniversary of The Engines of Our Ingenuity [invention] 358 Giovanni Battista Morgagni: Father of anatomical pathology [medicine, surgery, disease] 359 The Dolni Vestonice Venus: ceramic art of the Upper Paleolithic period in Czechoslovakia [anthropology, archaeology] 360 Woodland's and Silver's invention of the bar code [computer, laser, retail, information] 361 Water witching, dowsing, and the psychology of finding water [Carolyn Kraus, water witching, drowsing, dowsers] 362 Reducing body temperatures for surgery: Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest [medicine, blood] 363 Mapping the ocean floor [geography, Magellan, Ross, Bache, Franklin, measurement, instrumentation, geology] 364 Abraham Trembley and the "Hydra" pylop [botany, biology, zoology, science, reproduction] 365 The U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey measures America [geography, instrumentation] 366 A.A. Milne's moral fables for an unproductive America [Christopher Robin, production, literature, trade] 367 Diving into what was once a Minoan shipwreck, 4250 years ago [archaeology, anthropology, Greece, Bronze age] 368 The size of things: How big or small is the world around us? [astronomy, stars, science, earth, geology] 369 Civil War ironclads -- a lot more of them than you thought [military, ships, steamboats, guns] 370 Domenico Fontana moves a 327 monolith for Pope Sixtus V [architecture, civil engineering, Egyptian obelisk, St. Paul's] 371 Martin Luther King shows us how the inventive mind works [Black, race relations, nonviolence] 372 A sundial honors Kentucky's Viet Nam dead [war, architecture, astronomy, memorial] 373 Flying like a bird: on mimicking life with machines [biology, flight, airplane, design, invention, transportation] 374 The Cubitt treadmill: a prison "reform" that failed in America [power, penology, sociology, mills] 375 On reaching the limits of smallness [computers, calculators, nanometer, size, laser well, measurement, materials] 376 The inexorable leaning of the Tower of Pisa [construction, foundation, architecture, masonry] 377 The wheelbarrow, a medieval invention in the West and an ancient one in the East [Chinese, cathedral, wheel] 378 Women in the Academy [science, Curie, Poullain, Gozzadini] 379 Hutton's geological theory: A world that neither begins nor ends [science, religion, cosmology, stratigraphy, Playfair, Scott] 380 The Chinese invention of equal temperament in music [scales, tuning, Back, Chu, Tartini, Mersenne, Ricci] 381 Using submarines in the Civil War [Bushnell, Fulton, David, Hunley, Housatonic] 382 Mary Wollstonecraft: feminism and 18th century revolution [Frankenstein, women, Paine, Blake, Priestley, Godwin] 383 Eli Terry brings wooden clocks to the Midwestern frontier [Lincoln, sales, medieval, marketing] 384 Samuel Slater reinvents spinning technology in early America [weaving, textile, cloth, industry, manufacturing, Brown, Quaker, women, patent, invention] 385 The Haya people make carbon steel in ancient Africa [Black, iron, metallurgy, anthropology, smelting] 386 Some thoughts about invention, inventors, and cooperation [creative, cooperation] 387 James Nasmyth: an engineer designs heavy machinery with an artist's eye [Industrial Revolution, Crystal Palace, invention] 388 Towing an iceberg out of the way [offshore, design, high-pressure, oil, ships, drilling, ocean] 389 The Mayan city of Coba -- a story of technology in isolation [anthropology, agriculture, Yucatan, city, architecture, archaeology] 390 Some thoughts about the origins of writing [Sumerian, Egyptian, heiroglyph, Africa, Black, invention] 391 Simplicity gives America its 1st jet fighter, the Lulu-Belle [Skunk Works, airplane, flight, war, invention, design] 392 Margaret Cavendish: a 17th century natural philosopher [science, women, salon, France, England] 393 Thoughts on the dangers posed by electric fields [Franklin, lightening, electrostatic, power lines, AC] 394 How did Prometheus really steal fire? [myth, matches, anthropology, flint, invention] 395 John Herschel, modest inheritor of an "astronomical" legacy [telescope, science, women, astronomy, Babbage,calculus] 396 Bread, wine, and beer: the origins of fermentation [alcohol, Bible, vinegar, agriculture, food, chemistry, anthropology] 397 Maria Merian, the mother of entomology [women, entomology, biology, trades, painting, textiles, anthropology] 398 Taming the beast: in which we forge a relation with animals [anthropology, zoology, agriculture] 399 How we got from the Stone Age to the Iron Age [metals, ore, smelting, alloy, Egypt, Greece, furnaces] 400 How the Chinese missed the Industrial Revolution and succumbed to opium [drugs, tobacco, clocks, Jesuits, China] 401 Herman Hollerith streamlines the 1890 Census and starts IBM [computer, business, invention] 402 What ever became of solar energy? [power, nuclear, hydroelectric, dam, wind, tidal, sun] 403 In which we yield to nature and build the Panama Canal [civil engineering, locks, de Lessups, yellow fever, construction] 404 A night at the opera: The most highly refined technology [music, theater, Saint-Saens, composition, orchestra, violin, singing, acoustics] 405 Time's Arrow, Times Cycle: Jay Gould talks about time [Hampton, Black, geology, science, cosmology, Burnett] 406 Why do you and I have legs instead of wheels? [zoology, design, invention] 407 German women astronomers in the the 17th century [trades, Germany, Cunitz, science] 408 Measuring the creative genie, and fleeing from him [invention, Coleridge] 409 The inclined railway on Lookout Mountain at Chattanooga [Civil War, cable, Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, Indians] 410 Coleridge, Newton: Romantic poets and Victorian science [Blake, Rationalism, English, England, literature] 411 Unraveling the Mysteries of Stonehenge [Hoyle, Lockyer, Neolithic, Druids, Aubry, Solstice, astronomy, archaeology] 412 How an old analog computer outlived its species [design, compressed, compressor, digital, natural gas, SwRI] 413 Edwin Hubble and the 15 billion light year universe [telescope, NASA, space shuttle, astronomy, nebulae, relativity, Adams] 414 The ancient Chinese South-Pointing Chariot rediscovered [design, Honda, auto, car, steering, gears, feedback control, China] 415 The chequered history of observation balloons [Garnerin, Nero, Walpole, France, Franklin, Napoleon, McClellan] 416 The sad story of the Bavarian Polytechnical Society in Nazi Germany [Hitler, Nazi, von Linde, von Weber] 417 On finding another language to tell what scientists know [words, Gilbert, fluid flow, teaching, Latin] 418 200 Anniversary of the U.S. Patent and Copyright Office [famous, law, invention, lawyer, creativity] 419 In which we watch Eliphalet Nott build Union College [education, university, Hamilton, Burr, Princeton] 420 Leaving domination behind and building the New Jerusalem [women, Neolithic, Paleolithic, Houston, society, anthropology] 421 William Gibbs and the steamship United States -- 30 years too late [shipping, design, transportation, marine, Queen Mary, flight] 422 The invention of the shot tower: an exercise in perception [invention, manufacturing, guns, Watts, processes] 423 Frederick Terman, Stanford University, and Silicon Valley [electronics, electricity, innovation, Klystron, San Jose] 424 So many questions we never thought to ask [invention, clocks, sundials] 425 Mining cold water to make power and grow food in Hawaii [OTEC, energy, agriculture, farming] 426 Oliver Heaviside -- an electrical sage in solitude [mathematics, Maxwell, Rayleigh, Hertz, Gibbs, Vector] 427 Printer's marks & devices: brands of the new information age [Gutenberg, books, Guillard, Fust, Schoeffer, books, symbols] 428 Marie Mitchell: a pioneer of American astronomy [Annie Jump Cannon, science, Vassar, Nantucket, women] 429 The mismeasure of man: bigotry hides behind numbers [race, Black, women, Gould, anthropology, Agassiz, Morton] 430 Mining the moon [metals, metallurgy, space, vacuum] 431 Killing the first person in the search for objectivity [language, writing, expression] 432 John Montgomery's airplane and its prophet, Victor Loughead [Lockhead, flight, transportation, Chanute, California, gliders] 433 Kinematic waves in traffic -- a social contract [transportation, automobiles, highways] 434 Fast, cheap, and out of control: the MIT Insect design lab [robots, artificial intelligence, computers, manufacturing] 435 Hedy Lamarr: The inventor behind the mask of beauty [women, electronics, control, movies, invention, Antheil] 436 Why bombs can't kill a city [war, airplanes, sociology, production, WW-II, Viet Nam] 437 An old electricity handbook reminds us that we're smart [telephone, technology, learning] 438 Redheffer's perpetual motion machine [science, Philadelphia, power] 439 Building the Great Pyramid and building Chartres Cathedral [architecture, archaeology, religion, medieval masons, Egypt] 440 The day we threw out the library's card catalog and replaced it with a computer [information, books, bibliography] 441 Where have all the entomologists gone? [science, entomology, biology, insects, bugs] 442 Responsibility, accountability, and the design of software [computers, management, design] 443 The International Date Line: an intellectual teaser [geography, Pacific, timekeeping, exploration, Magellan] 444 The Royal Geographical Society: science and dreams [Burton, Speke, exploration, Scott, Amundsen, Livingstone, Hillary] 445 The second American Revolution [Romantic, literature, Blake, Barlow, Wollstoncraft, Priestley, Franklin, Godwin, invention, Brown, Industrial Revolution] 446 The Mt. Graham red squirrel and the U. of Ariz. observatory [environmentalists, telescope, biology, regulation, forest] 447 Synthetic and real things in 1910 America [production, Santayana, manufacturing, Chaplin, society, advertising, environment] 448 High heat flux in Japan: The provenance of an idea [energy, invention, innovation, research, science, physics] 449 The Shinkansen "Bullet Train" [transportation, railroad, safety, inventions, innovation, Japan, earthquake, seismology] 450 The fiction of a "Balance of Nature" [ecology, habitat, pollution, change, environment] 451 Roy Chapman Andrews and his fossils in the Gobi Desert [exploration, archaeology, dinosaurs, China, Komodo] 452 Diamonds: a fabrication of the mind [epitaxy, abrasives, heat conduction, materials, crystal, science, invention] 453 The "Man-midwife" usurps a woman's preserve [birth control, mercantilism, plague, medieval, medicine, birth, sex, women] 454 Arcana of Science and Art: Changing the world in 1832 [Industrial Revolution, vanadium, thermostat, flare, England, America, silk, invention, design, Babbage, Somerville, Blake] 455 In which Rhode Island rum-runners create the U.S. Navy [military, ships, frigate, Colonial, America, smuggling, Bligh] 456 Synectics: engineering design takes on a more personal face [invention, psychology] 457 Invicta: on fighting fire ants with fire ants [science, environment, ecology, entomology] 458 Trebuchet: A story about Rome, China, and Medieval Europe [military, arms, catapult, slings, bow and arrow, swape, lever, gunpowder, cannons] 459 Tabby and Cob: a construction material for everyman [masonry, concrete, building, houses, Yeats, Innisfree] 460 Making hotels and prisons out of large building blocks [construction, concrete, prefabrication, Zachry] 461 The computer joins stage-set design [theater, Wagner, Bartok, CAD] 462 Fuseli's Nightmare [Shelley, Wollstonecraft, Byron, art, Frankenstein, Romantic, Gothic, revolution, painting] 463 Chimneys and fireplaces thaw the chill of Northern Europe [domestic heating, medieval, Wenceslas, smokestacks, Villon, ventilation, cold, heating] 464 Is the Clovis dating of Native Americans Under Attack [achaeology, anthropology, Indians, radio carbon dating, science, sociology] 465 The Waning of American Science and Engineering Education [engineering, engineers, science, education] 466 The Iconography of Women and Science: Images and Realities [art, printing, Rousseau, Kant, Bacon, du Chatelet] 467 The First Steamboat in San Francisco Bay [Donner, Lienhard, Sacramento, Sitka, California Gold Rush, pioneers] 468 The Man-made Infestation of Starlings in America [ecology, environment, birds, biology, Darwinian selection] 469 Nicolaus Steno, a sharp observer of nature and possible saint [Catholic Church, geology, paleontology, science, fossils] 470 The Japanese Zero a airplane with things to teach us [flight, production, invention, World War Two] 471 Have I really seen technological change in my lifetime? [technology, icebox, refrigerator, radio] 472 About an old geometry text at the Battle of Charleston [Civil War, Foster, Legendre, navy, ship, steamboat, gunboat] 473 On making water fit to drink [civil, environmental, carcinogens, flouride, chlorine, chemistry, Rook, Bellar] 474 John Dee: mathematician, scientist, and sorcerer [alchemy, Euclid's geometry, England] 475 Are men and women the same or different? An old mischief [anatomy, du Chatelet, Kant, Rousseau, gender] 476 Lynn White, the stirrup, and the feudal system [medieval warfare, Martel, horse, Knights in armor] 477 Mary-Claire King and the grandmothers [Argentina, biochemistry, genetics, women, revolution, Carlton, Wheaton, mathematics] 478 A quiet man in a bow tie: Not as dull as you think [engineer, design, stereotype, tractor, winch] 479 In which Japan learns Shakespeare and adopts Western culture [literature, art museum, Macbeth] 480 Parents and children: About the legacy of creativity [Dunbar, Symons, sanitary engineering, water quality, environment, women, astronaut, civil] 481 The computer earns a grandmaster rating in Chess [chess, robot, Kasparov, IBM, Deep Thought] 482 The Cornish pump: a wonderfully adaptive technology goes west [steam engine, mining, Newcomen, Watt, Irish] 483 Dorothea Erxleben, Germany's first woman doctor [women, science, Halle, medicine] 484 K.G. Englehardt, the Robot Lady, makes humane machines [design, women, robotics, production, service] 485 Of dinosaurs and dogs: How do our joints work [zoology, anatomy, biology, science] 486 A look at voting machines [Edison, vote, politics] 487 The Tollund Man and other bog people of Northern Europe [archaeology, anthropology, iron age, embalming, Denmark, religion, food] 488 Success, failure, and Biosphere-2 experiment [ecology, space, NASA, Oracle, Arizona, waste, Bass, greenhouse, Matson] 489 A sonic measurement of the ocean's temperature [acoustics, global warming, whales, sound, globe, Heard] 490 A countess balloons over Italy's Apennine mountains. [aviation, flight] 491 Tom Swift: prophetic assembly line stories [literature, Bobbsey Twins, Rover Boys, invention] 492 Books: more than we thought they were [literature, Candide, paper, computers] 493 Competition among steam, electricity, and internal combustion cars, in 1900 [engines, automobiles, power, starter, Stanley Steamer, Ford, market driven] 494 Lysenko's mad Marxist evolutionary theory [genetics, Russia, Soviet, McCarthy, communism, Lamark, Mendel] 495 Srinivas Ramanujan: an inexplicable mathematical genius [India, Hardy, Hindu, number theory, mathematics] 496 Teilhard de Chardin and Piltdown "conspiracy" [evolution, theology, Cro-Magnon, archaeology, anthropology, Dawson] 497 The Piper Cub observes its 60th birthday [airplane, flight, transportation, design, Pullman, Snake River Canyon] 498 Women primatologists close their conference to men [feminist, anthropology, biology, Santa Cruz, sociology] 499 How old will you get? Writing the longevity equation [gerontology, Hildebrand, aging, medicine, disease] 500 A Christmas observation of the 500th episode [creativity, risk, minority] 501 The Maldive Islands: a dream going under water [environment, global warming, ocean, greenhouse effect, ecology, polution] 502 Flat TV screens: American invention -- Japanese development [television, computers, electronics, production, innovation, liquid crystals] 503 PCs, electric motors, and more thoughts about change [computers, factories, steam engines] 504 An Ethiopian shaman uses digital arithematic [African, Black, mathematics, arithmetic, computers] 505 The shark's tail: better design than we ever thought [design, screwdriver, zoology, ichthyology, swimming, fish, evolution, hydrodynamics, biology] 506 Unfinished engineering in the state of Washington [concrete bridges, library, tunnels, design, canals, University of Washington, Seattle] 507 Igor Sikorsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff make airplanes [helicopters, airplanes, transportation, Pushkin, design, Russia, WW-I, WW-II, seaplanes, amphibians] 508 Ferris' Great Wheel: Thrust out into the sky! [Chicago World's fair, roller coaster, consciousness, Jaynes, bicameral, Eiffel] 509 The Technological Muse: An art exhibit on technology [museum, Katonah, techni, Buxtehude, organ, painting] 510 Ben Franklin, electricity, and revolution [lightning rods, Louis XV] 511 Paracelsus hides real science behind magical alchemy [chemistry, medicine, Frobenius, Erasmus, Switzerland] 512 The fever thermometer enters medical practice [medicine, physiology, science] 513 DNA, RNA, and scientific literacy [biophysics, biology, biochemistry, genetics, genes, science] 514 Tyrannosaurus Rex helps us to understand dinosaurs -- and ourselves. [zoology, paleontology, extinction, ecology, evolution] 515 Science fiction and German rocketry [von Braun, Goddard, Oberth, Valier, V2 rocket, Lang, Opel] 516 The Tuskegee Airman help desegregate the Army, and win WW-II [flight, war, Black, airplane] 517 Sojourner Truth: A slave reshapes America [Black, women, segregation, slavery, Civil War, Lincoln, Douglas, Garrison, Stowe, King, religion, abolitionist] 518 Colonial slaves teach us about smallpox inoculation [Cotton Mather, Boston, Black, medicine, Franklin] 519 Benjamin Banneker, The Black "Poor Richard" [almanacs, Black, Franklin, Jefferson, Washington DC, Rush] 520 Great Zimbabwe: A once great African city state [Black, Rhodesia, iron age, architecture, masonry, archaeology] 521 Black soldiers in the Civil War: Defining freedom [war, military] 522 Jan Matzeliger and the first automatic last machine [shoes, manufacturing, invention, black, Massachussetts] 523 Edison fails and succeeds in converting low grade ore [iron, steel, electricity, Ogdensburg, Mesabi, taconite] 524 Einstein as an inventor and patent holder [physics, Szilard, refrigerator, gyrocompass, Mach, manufacturing, special relativity, electricity] 525 Cities and farms: Do cities drive consumption or reduce it? [environmentalists, ecology, history, mass transit sociology] 526 Should Scientific American have fired Forrest Mims, a Creationist and Fundamentalist? [Walker, religion, science, science writing] 527 Cox's "perpetual motion machine:" A barometer-driven clock [Weeks, science, windmills, water wheels, solar energy] 528 Villard de Honnecourt and the decline of Gothic Cathedrals [Strasbourg, masons, Notre Dame, clock escapements, Reims, invention] 529 Panoramas: The IMAXs of 1800 [theater, movies, art, Barker, Fulton, motion pictures, Reynolds, Constable, painting] 530 Johann Traugott Wandke: Texas' first organ builder [music, Round Top, Galveston, craftsmanship] 531 John Tyndall fuses practical physics and Romantic poetry [heat, thermodynamics, philosophy of science, experiment] 532 George Bernard Shaw: Music critic [theater, literature, Rossini, Parry, reviews, Sullivan, opera] 533 Old cures and superstitions: more effective that we thought [medicine, science, bleeding, Egypt, malaria mosquitoes, Jenner, fever, Burton, Reed] 534 A cleansing fire in Australia [ecology, environment, Drake, ethnology, Drake, anthropology, Botany Bay] 535 An evening at a University of Chicago choral concert [Hassler, Distler, Byrd, Purcell, Poulenc, Vaughn-Williams, Handl, education, music] 536 Edwin Land, polarization, Polaroid, and the Land Camera [stress analysis, photoelasticity, invention] 537 The Victoria "Dutch" windmill, first windmill in Texas [power, Witte, grist, turret, Dutch, West] 538 Some facts and reflections on the pace of life [anthropology, psychology, sociology, tobacco, heart, Watts] 539 The surprise gift of love, invention, and creativity [DC-3, Wright, flight, aviation, Boeing, B-52] 540 Inventing agriculture: A new look at an old story [farming, Neolithic, emmer, Natufians, botany, archaeology] 541 Drugs and other modern troubles: a question of scientific literacy [cocaine, recovery, addiction, AIDS, psychology, neurophysiology] 542 People who knew each other? A question of connectedness. [Wedgwood, Coleridge, Davy, Watt, Wollstonecraft, Boulton, Godwin, anesthesia, Lunar Society, Rachmaninoff, Sikorsky, Twain, Tesla, Franklin, Small, Priestley, revolution] 543 A program based on a randomly selected date: 584 AD [Byzantium, Hagia Sofia, Mohammud, Anthemius of Tralles, Greek fire, Bosporus, science, Gothic, Roman arch] 544 Women in medicine, in the ancient classical world [Hippocratic, Cos, Greece, abortion, Agnodice, Athens] 545 Energy Inventory: On paying environmental costs at the gas pump. [Boulton, Johnson, Boswell, Watt, Blake, fuel, power, solar, nuclear, economics, tax, Valdez, ozone, pollutants] 546 Trotula and medieval women's medicine [medieval Europe, Italy, Salerno, childbirth, birth control, gynecology, obstetrics, infertility, Victorian, sex] 547 Bertha E. Jaques and an American school of etching [Chicago, prints, art, invention, women] 548 A visit to the Taj Mahal and the meaning of technology [India, architecture, monuments, Moguls] 549 Antonj Leeuwenhoek -- a lesson in simplicity and honesty [biology, science, microscopes, Hooke, lenses, information] 550 Crossing the Atlantic under steam -- 1819 and 1838 [transportation, steamboat, Brunel, Smith, Lardner, marine, engine, Savannah, Sirius, Great Western] 551 The sounds of silence -- cancelling noise with noise [acoustics, Simon, active noise control, ANC, MRI] 552 A domestic wind generator, a century before its time [windmill, solar energy, power, Brush, environment, ecology, electric lights, arc lights, Edison, dynamo] 553 Mulholland waters LA -- and damn the Owens Valley [Eaton, California, civil engineering, agriculture, ecology, aqueducts, irrigation, construction] 554 Fooling ourselves: great minds against themselves conspire [Purcell, Dido and Aeneas, simplicity, pipeline, design] 555 Niels Christensen: a combative old man invents the O-ring [Boeing, seals, gaskets, invention, patents] 556 Melancholy railroad: icon of American growth and change [steam locomotives, commerce, transportation, Chicago, meat packing, livestock, Whitman, Sandburg] 557 Manufactured sounds: more change than we can bear in music? [Erard, pianoforte, Mozart, clarinet, organ, synthesizer, Goodman, electric guitar, electronic music, Moog, A. Lienhard] 558 The lost myths and folkways: Bettelheim, Bly, and Revels [music, psychology, myth, theater] 559 Rates of technological improvement: doubling in a lifetime [clocks, power plants, transportation, invention, cars, trains] 560 Humankind: one race -- not a thousand subspecies [biology, evolution, anthropology, Smith, Layton, cichlids, Black, natural selection, zoology, taxonomy] 561 Bad dreams: Engineers worry about their designs [Wordsworth, Hoover, nuclear safety, depressurization, Hamurabi, creativity, invention, design, Ellis, Golden Gate Bridge] 562 Charles Dupin gets English secrets for France after Waterloo [French Revolution, Industrial Revolution, Napoleonic Wars, bridges, naval, England, risk, reform, education] 563 Buckminsterfullerene, Bucky balls, or carbon 60 [diamond, graphite, carbon, Smalley, materials, geodesic domes, superconductivity] 564 Various ways to age [biology, gerontology, rockfish, zoology, salmon, sickle cell, Huntington's, diet, Shakespeare] 565 The first American patent: a process for making potash [potassium, chemical process, Hopkins, alkalai, Bly] 566 Writing equations for profit, at the cost of the environment [economics, Hotelling, Peru, ecology, fish, zoology] 567 Chickens, beriberi, and the discovery of vitamins [Batavia, Eijkman, bacteriology, immunology, Funk, thiamin] 568 A survey of job satisfaction among women engineers [Baum, Cooper Union, education] 569 Edwin Link's trainer: organs to airplanes to oceanography [player pianos, trainer, flight, transportation, music, Wurlitzer, diving, war] 570 An urban anthropologist studies New York's crack houses [dope, sociology, Hamid, narcotics, psychology] 571 The origins of Native North American Agriculture [farming, anthropology, archaeology, grain, corn, wheat, Indian, Mississipi-Ohio, maize, urbanization] 572 The Boy Scientist: A 1925 book for boys [technology, education, engineering, Einstein, X-rays] 573 The search for the first naval artillery [cannons, firearms, gunpowder, war, Renaissance] 574 Cornelius Drebbel invents the 1st modern feedback controller [Renaissance, alchemist, alchemy, engraving, chemistry, invention, dye, submarine, thermostat, economics] 575 Ancient ziggurats: Was one of them the Tower of Babel? [Bible, construction, composite materials, civil engineering, archaeology, Babylon, Nebuchadnezzar] 576 Ernst Mach, Einstein, and thought experiments [Galileo, science, relativity, Aristotle, philosophy] 577 Coming out of the Dark Ages: An old building in Poitiers [Roman architecture, France, Medieval, Rome, Gothic cathedral] 578 The Ceide Peat Bogs: And old environmental assault [ecology, Ireland, Irish, fuel, archaeology, anthropology, agriculture] 579 Turning a penal colony in modern Australia [Sydney, Botany Bay, cathedral, agriculture, water] 580 Vitruvius' ten volumes on technologies of the Roman world [Rome, architecture, Alexandria, Egypt, siege, war, invention, water organ, Ctsebios, Africa] 581 Anthony Michell, a gentle genius from the Australian bush [lubrication, invention, rotary engines, bearings] 582 Drilling deep into the Earth [geology, earthquakes, plate tectonics, well logging, oil wells, Moho] 583 Abelard and Heloise: a parable of creative transcendence [medieval religion, philosophy, poetry, monastery] 584 Appropriate technology: fitting the machine to the culture [design, anthropology, third world] 585 The new vision of cities: 1925 [urban sociology, architecture, buildings, construction, modern art] 586 Wilson's vision of an Ibsen play: Death takes a vacation. [theater, Stevens, art, artist, drama] 587 Alexander Graham Bell invents after the telephone. [invention, hydrofoil, kites, Keller, electricity, flight, Buckminster Fuller, geodesic dome, tetrahedron] 588 About Mozart, Beaumarchais, and the Marriage of Figaro [music, opera, theater, France, revolution, Caron, genius clock escapement, invention] 589 Gender and heart attack: medical sexism or medical realism? [medicine, disease, illness, risk, cholesterol] 590 Frederic Remington, naive maker of the Western American icon [art, sculpture, Spanish-American War, military, Custer, illustration, painting] 591 In which Virtual Reality takes control of our dreams [computers] 592 Shaping the Shaker gift of simplicity [religion, communal, communism, Civil War, architecture, design, buzz saw, table saw, clothespin, weaving, furniture, invention] 593 A 20th century trebuchet in Shropshire, England [invention, medieval war] 594 George & William Chaffey irrigate Mildura, Australia [irrigation, agriculture, electricity, California, farming] 595 George Perkins Marsh, a pioneering environmental scholar [ecology, camel, linguistics, philology, Vermont, pollution] 596 Corbusier invites the airplane to indict the city [architecture, construction, Milhaud, flight, transportation] 597 Archives in 2001: What's happening to information storage? [library, books, museums, science education, electronic, Gorman] 598 The Sforza Horse: Leonardo da Vinci's unmakable monument [art, sculpture, foundry, casting, Renaissance, women] 599 Florence Merriam Bailey: A pioneering American naturalist [birds, women, conservationist, ecology, ornithology] 600 Walking the Bayou: Thoughts about change and creativity [health, fitness, exercise, Schweizer, Gibbs] 601 Norman Heatley and the production of penicillin [Biochemistry, medicine, Fleming, Florey, Oxford, Moberg, antibiotics, chemistry, pharmaceuticals] 602 Blue Planet: IMAX lets us see Earth whole [art, environment, ecology, space] 603 Ambroise Pare studies birth defects in 1571 [Renaissance, medicine, surgery, biology, science] 604 Chirality: Pasteur learns about left-handed molecules [chirality, chemistry, science, Biot, light, polarization] 605 Alfred Nobel makes dynamite and wages peace [blasting gelatin, Kinsky, explosives, war, nitroglycerin, invention, Nobel Prizes, Sweden] 606 Did Newton really see an apple fall? [Principia, Leibnitz, Voltaire, du Chatelet, De Breteuil, calculus, mathematics, physics, gravity, invention, Candide] 607 Hi-technology windmills come to Kent in 1200 AD [England, Canterbury, Becket, windmills, water wheels, power generation, King Richard, King John, law, courts, litigation] 608 Collodion: yesterday's Band Aid, and a spur to invention [medicine, Hyatt, explosives, plastics, chemistry, Nobel, environment, synthetics, nylon, celluloid, Chardonnay, Pasteur, fibers] 609 The parents of invention: Pleasure and Freedom [prisons, Bunyan, Galois, Archimedes] 610 Paracelsus and Oporinus: The alchemist and the printer [Froben, Frobenius, Vesalius, magic, science, medicine, anatomy, alchemy, chemistry, books] 611 Drunk on ink: An invention you probably never thought about [writing, Egypt, chemistry, emulsion, printing, gum Arabic, Shakespeare, writing, books] 612 Godly Play: in which we wiegh the danger of humor [Berryman, religion, Medieval Church, Benedictine, monastic, reality, creativity, truth] 613 William Gilbert and de Magnetica [Kepler, Galileo, science, Sullivan, electricity, cosmology, Queen Elizabeth, alchemist, alchemy, electric field, physics] 614 Robert Fludd: the last alchemist [Paracelsus, Aristotle, Plato, alchemy, Galileo, Bacon, science, perpetual motion, Harvey, blood circulation] 615 Learning to fly: a reflection on learning to fail [invention, design, Wright Brothers, flight, transportation] 616 19th century engravings tell us about invention and travel [automobile, car, transportation, flight, railroad, bicycle, engravings, woodcuts, lithography, art, magazines, submarines, ships, airplanes, gunboats, steamers] 617 Darwin: a racist champion of human rights [evolution, Tahiti, missionary, Lincoln, slavery, science, Black, Gould] 618 Black Americans and salt: a fable about racial superiority [medicine, heart disease, kidney, metabolism, anatomy, sugar, sickle cell anemia, Darwinian advantage, Diamond] 619 Rattlesnakes and other pit vipers: the Rolls-Royces among Reptiles [biology, zoology, sensors, invention, fear] 620 Phillis Wheatley: a Colonial slave prodigy writes poetry [Black women, Hancock, slavery, literature, Colonial America] 621 Alchemists bring magic to the theater and to modern science [theater, Jones, Jonson, Fludd, Dee, architecture, alchemy, Vitruvius, stagecraft] 622 Ignaz Semmelwies: the unhappy hero of birthing mothers [Hungary, Hungarian, medicine, germs, antiseptic, obstetrics, childbirth, Lister] 623 Drilling for Heat: Lord Kelvin's energy legacy [thermodynamics, engines, OTEC, evolution, geothermal energy, geology, science, power production, environment] 624 In which John Tyndall tries to find God in his physics [science and religion, philosophy of science] 625 The crossbow competes with guns and long bows -- and loses [military, armament, firearms, gunpowder, Hastings, catapult, long bow, Crecy, Pare, disarmament, arms] 626 Maria Montessori, harded-headed apostle of the child's mind [education, teaching, creativity, invention, religion, women] 627 The King, his mistress, Flamsteed, and Greenwich Observatory [astronomy, Columbus, St. Pierre, Wren, Hooke, Charles II] 628 On learning to print music [Gutenberg, Fust, Schoeffer, block printing, Haultin, musical scores, Ballard, Attaignant, movable type, typesetting] 629 Johann Gregor Mendel: the shy creator of modern genetics [peas, chromosomes, biology, zoology, Darwin, science] 630 John Joseph Merlin: The Ingenious Mechanick [Gainsborough, Johnson, Walpole, Bach, clockwork, perpetual motion, roller skate, robots, musical instruments, harpsichord, pianoforte, barrel organ, keyboards, Babbage] 631 In which knowledge flows out through an orifice [fluid mechanics, viscosity, preservation of knowledge] 632 Joseph Haydn, Primitivus Niemecz, and three barrel organs [Beethoven, mechanical, clockwork organs, music, revolution, Rationalism, Malzel] 633 The Gentleman's Magazine: the first magazine [Cave, Johnson, Franklin, journalism, printing, telegraph, submarine, electricity, Bach, Fulton] 634 About using our creative best to heal and influence [effect, influence] 635 Furnace Town: An old smelter rises out of the rain [forced draft, steel, smelting, America, Widener, Nassawango, forced draft, iron, Maryland] 636 Gertrude Stein and the invention of the gear shift [women, Toklas, transmission, Stevens, syncromesh, Bendix, ambulance] 637 Leonardo da Vinci teaches us anatomy and he teaches us how to see [Harvey, dissection, medicine, art, painting] 638 David Bushnell/Dr. Bush invents the submarine [naval warfare, Turtle, American Revolution, navy, mines] 639 A Christmas greeting for 1991 [Rodenmeyer, Drake, hydrology, rainfall runoff, thermodynamics] 640 Aslihan Yener finds her tin birthright in ancient Turkey [tin, lead, silver, copper, bronze, metallurgy, archaeology, women, cuneiform, Yener, chemistry, isotopes, Anatolia, Assyria, art] 641 Visit to a junkyard: a lesson in preservation and prejudice [ecology, environment, automobile] 642 Tyndall, microbes, and the spontaneous generation of life [Mary Shelley, microbiology, bacteria, germs, physics, medicine, optics, light] 643 Hall Jackson, Colonial doctor [medicine, eye surgery, war, digitalis, dropsy, purple foxglove, heart disease] 644 The Peerless gas odorizer: the not-so-sweet smell of success [New London explosion, Cronkite, disasters, natural gas, industrial safety, accidents, inventions] 645 Sarton and the sensate source of modern experimental science [Sarton, women, deSolla Price, Lavoisier, Galvani, chemistry, electric battery, steam engine, history of science, poetry, literature, philosophy of science, thermodynamics] 646 Babbage, Ada, and Babbage's 19th century computer legacy [difference engine, analytical engine, Ada Byron, calculator, mathematics, women] 647 An old magazine still borrows from Europe, but not for long [magazine, periodical, America, Dickens, diet, car, nutrition, steam automobile, boiler, transportation, technology transfer] 648 Orville Wright and Amelia Earhart try to read flight's future [transportation, commercial airlines, seaplanes, women] 649 Gertrude Elion, Nobel Prize winning inventor of medicines [biochemistry, drugs, pharmaceuticals, Hitchings, cancer, chemotherapy, virus, women] 650 Luigi Salvaneschi and the deprofessionalization of business schools [liberal education, MBA, Forbes] 651 No Furgeson's Rifles to save Furgeson, at King's Mountain [war, military tactics, American Revolution, South Carolina, guns, invention, Brown Bess muskets] 652 The Butterfly Effect: Edward Lorenz exposes chaos [Gleick, meteorology, weather, mathematics, initial conditions] 653 The Kronos Quartet teaches us about living in the present [musical composition, minimilism, invention, postmodern music] 654 X-rays promise infinite possibility in 1896 [Roentgen, cathode ray tubes, futurism, invention, science, medicine, radiation therapy, breast cancer] 655 Matthias Baldwin gives us locomotives, and a better world [transportation, America, steam power, steamboat, locomotive, Black sufferage, railway, woodblock printing, calico, textiles] 656 Modern medicine begins to take the shaman's herbs seriously [pharmaceutical, pharmacological, drugs, healing, folk medicine, Brazil rain forests, curare, Pacific Yew, Taxol] 657 Order out of Chaos: The computer takes us where mathematics could not [Second Law of Thermodynamics, computer, Jupiter, Melville] 658 Albrecht von Haller, troubled genius of 18th C physiology [anatomy, poetry, literature, medicine, Gottingen] 659 Percy Julian, grandson of a slave, invents pharmaceuticals [chemistry, Black, drugs, hormones, cortesone, DePauw, Glidden] 660 Inventing the future: a task of both inventor and consumer [invention, telephone, typewriter, Edison, phonograph, Watt, steam power, electronics, Akahabara] 661 Franz Schubert walks around the post-modernists [lieder music, German Romantic poetry, Schopper, homosexual, gay, literature, nature, Industrial Revolution, von Schlegel] 662 In which invention pre-empts expectation. [computer, library, information retrieval, information systems, serendipity, CD-ROM, HARLiC, Wilson] 663 The Zipper teaches us a lesson about design [Velcro, Judson, invention, clothing, Huxley, fasteners, Sundback] 664 Hezekiah builds a waterworks -- and he builds it well [Gihon Spring, water supply, Bible, Old Testament, Jerusalem, geology, Karst, Israel, Gill] 665 A walk through the Inventors Hall of Fame [Edison, Pasteur, Alvarez, Julian, Carver, Matzeliger, Elion, Bell, Wright, Marconi, Morse, McCormick, Whitney, Atanasoff, Carothers, Ford, Fermi, American patent, neoprene, nylon, Otto] 666 Wallace Carothers dies -- giving birth to nylon and neoprene [rubber, du Pont, organic chemistry, invention] 667 Dog-sledding the Iditarod in Alaska: The Last Great Race [transportation, athletics, sport] 668 Ivan Veniaminov, priest and engineer among the Aleut people [religion, Alaska, Russian, instrument making, churches, anthropology, ethnography, Native American, Indians, chess] 669 Baidarka -- Aleut kayak -- a marvel of boat design in bone, driftwood, and sealskin [Native American, transportation, boats, canoes, ethnography, anthropology, Indian, Dyson] 670 Goe and catche a falling starre: The Tunguska meteorite [Donne, asteroids, neutron bomb, comets, astronomy, poetry] 671 Your quiet place -- find it or die. [library, books, Yeats, Sartre, peace, poetry] 672 Why the reckless, or at least recklessNESS, survives [Darwinian selection, psychology, Konner, creativity, invention] 673 A dream of nuclear power -- overblown and slow in coming [atomic bomb, atom bomb, nuclear reactor, Hanford, journalism, Hiroshima, Seaborg, Laurence, Weinberg, Oppenheimer] 674 Tournament species or pair bond species: which are we? [anthropology, zoology, biology, gender, Bakhtiari, sex, Jaynes] 675 Abacus II: A drab little machine changes history [computer chips, integrated circuits, welding, calculators, Texax Instruments, production, manufacturing, robotics] 676 Alice Liddel and Charles Dodgson in Wonderland [Alice in Wonderland, photography, mathematics, psychology, literature, fantasy, children, Lewis Carroll] 677 Hero's steam turbine and modern atomic theory [science, alchemy, power production, steam engine, vacuum, Galileo, Torricelli, Boyle, Leonardo da Vinci, Alexandria] 678 James Watt, Joseph Black, and the separate condenser [steam engine, power, energy, design, thermodynamics, latent heat, specific heat, invention, Glasgow] 679 In which we build the last Heathkit [do-it-yourself, model building, Goldwater, Heath Company, computers, electronics] 680 Electronic information media: Swimming in the Ocean of the Stream of Stories [Rushdie, library science, information, retrieval, journals, computers, books] 681 The Chudnovsky brothers scale the mountains of Pi [mathematics, computers, number theory, Russia, KGB, Preston] 682 In which Ole Roemer learns the speed of light in 1675 [astronomy, physics, Tyndall] 683 In which we weigh animal life against human life [vivisection, biology, medicine, insulin, diabetes, blood flow] 684 Midgely invents ethyl gas and Freon -- a Pyhrric triumph [Lowell, Kettering, Ethyl, Freon, chemistry, periodic table] 685 Vannevar Bush tries to predict our world in 1945 [digital computer, analog computer, analogue, NACA, future, information storage, library, books] 686 In the beginning: On recreating the earth [environmental, ecology, Copland, Bible, religion, Genesis] 687 A Gift of Books: on scrolls, codices, and Pergamon's Library [Rome, Egypt, Alexandria, Turkey, parchment, vellum, papyrus, Anthony, Cleopatra, Attalus, Attalid, Eumenes, writing, codex] 688 Willis Carrier wields the witchcraft that conditions our air [Milam Building, air conditioning, psychrometry, refrigeration, Newcomen Society] 689 Michael Servitus: the blood flow of a martyr [Tertullian, Galen, Paracelsus, alchemy, alchemists, Calvin, Protestant Reformation, Harvey, anatomy, medicine, religion] 690 Ginaca's machine gives Hawaii independence -- until it stops running [agriculture, Liliuokalani, food, production, Dole, design, tourism] 691 Francois Arago holds James Watt up as a model for French intellectuals [Napoleon, Ecole Polytechnique, science, Steam engines, production, Japan, power, productivity, Dickens, social reform] 692 In which the player piano plays counterpoint to our dreams [music, pianola, phonograph, Clark] 693 Rebuilding a child destroyed by silence: A parable of engineering design [psychology, linguistics, child abuse, language] 694 Hiram Maxim: a brilliant inventor plays at war [machine guns, armament, flight, invention, electric lighting, gas illumination] 695 John Ericsson: 19th century agent of creative change [Monitor and Merrimac, ironclad, steam engines, hot air engine, topographical mapping, solar energy, tidal energy, Sweden, screw propeller, Civil War, navy] 696 Menocchio the miller is caught in the printing revolution [Italy, Inquisition, religion, books, Decameron, cosmology, Bible, theology, big bang, Koran] 697 Queen Mary: an old old lady who still serves us [ships, navigation, transportation, ocean liners, Masefield, war, Spruce Goose] 698 Othmar Ammann defines 20th century bridge design [Verrazano Narrows, architecture, New York, Le Corbusier, functionalism, suspension bridges] 699 The Gaia Hypothesis: Mother Earth wears a human face [cosmology, ecology, biology, religion, Lovelock, Margulis, intelligence, geology, chemistry, spectroscopy, temperature] 700 In which we learn that life is instability [Gaia, biology, Wright Brothers, chemistry, thermodynamics, solar system, atmosphere, feedback control, freedom] 701 The Age of the Marvelous: An art exhibit tells of scientific change [Renaissance, Platonism, Aristotle, science, Pare, Topsell, Galileo, Durer, opera, theater, Leonardo da Vinci, alchemy, printing press] 702 Trompe-l'oeil: in which 17th century artists show us that our eye can't always be trusted [Rembrandt, painting, Platonic, Aristotle, Zeuxis, alchemy, Leonardo da Vinci, Renaissance] 703 In which Leonardo da Vinci takes up embryology [anatomy, medicine, art, sex, reproduction, birth, Clark, Fabricius, procreation] 704 Arago, Humboldt, and Gay-Lussac set the course of 19th century science [astronomy, meteorology, balloons, slavery, geography, atmosphere, Liebig] 705 The ambulance: the spawn of necessity instead of invention [war, transportation, Larrey, McKinley, medicine, funeral, Barton] 706 A genetic search for the historical Eve [Gould, anthropology, mitochondria, biology, religion, Gaia] 707 Darwinian individualism, cooperation, and a lost bird [ecology, biology, zoology, Gaia, electronic communications, Hillel, Gould, competition, Japan, starlings] 708 The end of books? Maybe not. [library, computers, harpsichords, pianos, change, cars, automobiles, electronic media, information storage] 709 The US Constitution: A mirror of the Iroquois Nation [American Indians, Native Americans, government, Canassatego, constitution, political science, Franklin] 710 In which Franklin, Lavoisier, and Guillotin debunk Mesmerism [guillotine, magnetism, electricity, medicine, Mozart, Gould, healing, MRI] 711 In which Old Joe Camel get his nose under the tent [drugs, DiFranza, cigarettes, advertising, law, legal, courts, scientific method] 712 William James and Nathaniel Shaler: one remembered, one forgotten [Agassiz, Harvard, paleontology, Darwin, Gould, Kentucky, science, psychology, anthropology] 713 A look below the surface of a technical meeting [boiling, condensing, condensation, nuclear power, steam power, Japan, America, accidents, cold fusion] 714 The old school tie; interior change catches up with us [Berkeley, California, biology, sociology] 715 Communication and collaboration -- not the same thing [Schrage, Edison, Bohr, Franklin, Braque, Picasso, Crick, Watson, Monet, Renoir, trust] 716 Circling about to view Rodin and Rilke [sculpture, art, poetry, literature] 717 Harry Moseley: Explained the Periodic Tables, then died in war at 27 [military, particle physics, X-ray, WW-I, atom, radioactive, Rutherford, radiation] 718 Of engines, machines, and ingenuity: misunderstood words [etymology, literature, Chaucer, Scott, Le Corbusier, words] 719 QWERTY: the mindless invention of your computer keyboard [typewriter, evolution, Gould, invention] 720 Petr Kropotkin: a saintly naturalist and anarchist [Russia, Darwin, Huxley, biology, sociology, Marx, anarchy, political science] 721 In which Ray Dolby invents more than a hiss suppressor [electronics, acoustics, Indian music, tape recorders, digital] 722 Julius Robert Mayer: a tale of blood and energy conservation [medicine, first law of thermodynamics, Joule, physics, heat, energy, Tyndall, Rilke] 723 Computer dating: no prince charming, but a new community [networks, electronic communications, modem, Sorenson, e-mail] 724 A Swedish conference about creativity and context [sociology, geography, invention, Sigtuna, Sweden] 725 A second self or a joint self? You and your computer [Turkle, hacker, Pac-man, sociology] 726 Little yellow Post-its -- a footnote to invention [3-M, sales, office, merchandising, invention, Silver, Fry] 727 James Black, Joseph Black, upset stomachs, and Tagamet [medicine, Pharmacology, chemistry, invention, histamine, antihistamine, beta-blockers, cimetidine, antacid] 728 Gould contemplates the severed head of Lavoisier [France, French Revolution, Marat, Corday, science, chemistry, oxygen, Franklin, Lacepede, Lagrange] 729 Banting, MacLeod, Best, Collip (and more) create insulin [diabetes, Scott, Paulesco, medicine, pharmacology] 730 Design and visual cues: When words fail us [signs, button, door, visual, cues] 731 Coming up to speed on wooden race tracks [Oldfield, transportation, automobile, car, racing, Ford, Stanley Steamer, Prince, Runyan] 732 In which you help me teach a new thermodynamics class [information theory, entropy] 733 The Bay Psalter: Mrs. Glover and our country's first press [Colonial America, printing, Daye, Day, Dunster, Green, Indians, Pilgrims, religion, women, Bay Psalm Book] 734 The Discover invention awards: you make the choice [videophone, tires, recycled polyester plastics, computer] 735 The Peerless Gas Odorizer: a father's legacy to his son [natural gas leaks, accidents, ASME] 736 Was there a scriptorium at Buildwas Abbey? Probably. [book writing, scribes, Cistercians, indexing, pagination] 737 Crossing the Bonneville Salt Flats -- in 1846 and 1970 [Walker, pioneers, Lienhard, Salt Lake, racing cars, Gabelich, Campbell, Breedlove, Thompson, stock car, ecology, environment] 738 King Camp Gillette turns his Occam safety razor on human affairs [Lewis, Chase, Ford, Roosevelt, Metropolis, sociology, Utopian socialism, invention, Nickerson] 739 Benjamin Rush, idiosyncratic founder of American Psychiatry [medicine, psychology, Franklin, America, Declaration of Independence] 740 Rainbows, curve balls and other wonders of the natural world [physics, education, physical phenomena, boiling, bubbles] 741 Michael Faraday learns science in a book bindery [dyslexia, educational psychology, electricity, magnetism, Davy, Marcet, political economics, Africa, Maxwell, Tyndall, religion, Sandemanians] 742 Carlos Prieto: An engineer plays unaccompanied Bach [design, cello music, den Hartog, aeolian vibrations, MIT, Sarton] 743 The Rev. Mr. Robert Stirling and his hot air engine [music boxes, nonelectric fan, jet plane, jet engine, turbojet] 744 Mrs. Marcet, alias Mrs. B, teaches chemistry and pedagogy [Haldimand, thermal radiation, political economics, electrical, teaching, Faraday, women] 745 The lady cujus ingenium huad absurdum: a lesson in feminism [Sallust, Marcet, Latin, chemistry, political economics, women] 746 Rescuers of the holocaust: a parable about creative risk [Nazis, Wallenberg, Houseman, genocide, art museum] 747 Watching the Titanic sink: a lesson in objective science [ships, books, scientific method, psychology] 748 Inventing the telephone: Putting the user in the equation [telegraphy, Reis, Bell, Webb, monopoly, regulation, economics, communications, Sandburg] 749 Information and twilight of hierarchy [electronic networks, printing, books, patent and copyright law] 750 Louis Agassiz founders on evolution in the Galapagos [biology, Gould, James, Lowell, geology, creationism] 751 Actors use art to complete their story-telling [Caruso, painting, sculpture, Bellamy, Fonda, Laurie, Quinn, Falk, Woronov, Mostel, Winters, theater, movies, creativity, film, Pickins, Beery, Bowie, Warhol, psychology] 752 In which Spanish doctors try to understand Aztec medicine [Cortez, pharmacology, Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Phillip II, Bravo, sarsaparilla, Lopez de Hinojosis, Farfin, herbs, religion] 753 Gutenberg: borrowing for twenty years to invent movable type [Gensfliesch, printing, books, Dritzehn, Fust, Schoeffer, books] 754 IF HARMONY IS WHAT YOU CRAVE THEN GET A TUBA BURMA-SHAVE [advertising, marketing, consumers, shaving, Burma-Shave, tuba] 755 About luck, recognition, and invention [creativity, Post-its, Watt, chemical processes, steam engines, Pasteur, Burma-Shave] 756 In which Medieval Europe invents Johann Gutenberg [block printing, movable type, scriptoria, manuscripts, Abelard, Benedictine and Cistercian monks, universities, sheepskin, parchment, vellum, paper, Chinese, books] 757 Semaphore telegraphy: a grand technology, long forgotten [Western Union, pony express, war, Hooke, France, England, communications, Morse] 758 Railway wheels made of paper: How we lost our nerve [transportation, railroad trains, composite materials, Pullman] 759 Heloise: logic, passion, and mastering life after Abelard [religion, philosophy, Catholic Church, Benedictine, women, psychology] 760 Galileo, Newton, and a mathematical smokescreen [Aristotle, witchcraft, Principia, science, physics, Church] 761 On awe, solar eclipses, and a new metaphor for creativity [astronomy, Milton, moon] 762 William Kelly doesn't quite get the drop on Henry Bessemer [iron, steel, metallurgy, Kentucky, Drew] 763 Cyrano de Bergerac, writer of science fiction [moon, Donne, Galileo, Gassendi, Rostand, astronomy, literature, science] 764 Werner von Braun transcends the heritage of the V-2 [rocketry, Congreve, war, Nazi, Tsiolkovsky, Oberth, Goddard, jet propulsion, moon, spacecraft, military] 765 Gustave Eiffel builds a Tower, a vision, and still more [architecture, construction, structures, bridges, ironwork, Bloy, deMaupassant, radio, aerodynamics, Wright Brothers] 766 The American farm windmill: hi-tech fruit of 40 years work [agriculture, power generator, Wheeler, Burnham, Halladay, Perry, Chicago World's Fair] 767 Practical French medicine takes root in the American North [doctors, nurses, surgeons, Pare, midwives, medical education, Plutarch, Canada, insulin, Osler, Cartier, Colonial] 768 120 years of flight gives birth to the Wright Brothers [Jeffries, Blanchard{'s balloon}, dirigible, Robertson, Lougheed, Lockheed, airplane, transportation] 769 Paper clips: an adventure in elegance and design simplicity [Vaaler, Middlebrook, Gem, invention] 770 Christmas Eve 1992 -- the night when the animals speak [folklore, Ritchie, Revels, American Revolution, music] 771 A tale of two balloons, 188 years apart [Robertson, dirigible, invention, Newman, design, flight, transportation, Quixote, parachutes] 772 Perry Collins and Cyrus Field race to forge a telegraph link [Atlantic cable, Alaska, Siberia, Russia, communications] 773 William Godwin's logical lament on the death of Mary Wollstonecraft [Blake, anarchy, revolution, Paine, Romantic poetry, feminism, women, Shelley, Frankenstein] 774 In which William Beaumont gazes into Alexis St. Martin's stomach [medicine, surgery, Fulton, physiology, digestion, anatomy] 775 The Throwing Madonna: Reflections on women and technology in pre-history [archaeology, anthropology, stone age, primate biology] 776 Carbon-14 rearranges history -- especially along the muddy Danube [archaeology, chemistry, radiocarbon dating, Lepenski Vir] 777 Slide-rules and word processors: Adapting to technological change [computers, calculators, electronic communications networks, e-mail] 778 Bandar-log and otters: of altruism and community [Kipling, Darwin, biology, sociology, psychology, India] 779 Balloon-frame houses: the first unique American architecture [Chicago, construction, Taylor, Snow, houses] 780 Old scientific instruments and modern engineering design [medicine, surgery, war, wounds, astronomy, microscopes, transits, sundials] 781 In which Josquin des Pres explains the meaning of "error" [musicology, Chaucer, DNA, Thomas, engineering design, counterpoint, biology, etymology] 782 Audrey Hepburn: Prepared to risk when there's nothing left to lose [movies, film, hunger, starvation, food, age, women, aging, Africa, Somalia, geriatrics, creativity] 783 Flatland and Hilbert Space: The allegory and the reality [mathematics, sociology, literature, religion, geometry, relativity, fourth dimension, Einstein] 784 Topiary: Another kind of living animal [botany, landscape, landscaping, sculpture, art, sculpture] 785 William Caxton takes printing to England -- and to her people [Margaret Duchess of Burgundy, manuscripts, explicits, scribes, writing, Gutenberg] 786 The Stereoscope: virtual reality in 1851 [Baudelaire, Arago, Wheatstone, Brewster, stereopticans, Daguerreotype, Crystal Palace] 787 Stereotype and fine type: William Ged and William Caslon [Linotype, fonts, Boyer, printing, France, England] 788 The subterranians: surfing the new computer networks [communications, electronic media, psychology, sociology] 789 In which an abundance of wood shapes America [axe, iron, coke, smelting, ship building, interchangeable parts, clocks, railroads, ecology] 790 1,911 Best things Anybody ever Said: The creative lurch [Chesterton, Rogers, Shaw, Mencken, Robinson, Berra, Lamarr, West, humor, Sheehan, Coward, Thoreau, Edison, Wilde, Goethe, Ghandi, Rockefeller, Green] 791 Alois Senefelder, a laundry list, and lithography [printing, intaglio, woodcut] 792 Thomas Jefferson, the generous Colonial American engineer [Franklin, Monticello, plow, library, Fulton, patent, navy] 793 Thomas Edison's season in the sun at Menlo Park [electric light, phonograph, telegraph, inventions, dynamo, Pearl Street Station, power] 794 In which Ellen Swallow Richards brings women into MIT [education, home economics, sanitary engineering, chemistry] 795 John Ericsson fails three times, and we all profit [navy, Civil War, Stirling hot air engine, ship design, screw propeller, heat transfer, invention] 796 A Renaissance church: first fruit of Leonardo's new architectural eye [architecture, geometry, da Vinci, one-point, perspective, Rhiems, camera obscura, drafting, Villiard de Honnecourt] 797 Alcuin, Charlemagne, and the invention of modern education [Charlemagne, education, Alcuin] 798 The Ik do not sing: reflections on music and community [anthropology, sociology, Bartok, Africa, Thomas, Turnbull] 799 In which mimetic architecture speaks to the automobiles [California, transportation, advertising, communication] 800 A medieval groom teaches his young wife -- and us as well [household, housewife, plague, diet, food, feminism, hourglass, writing, literacy, sociology, women, domestic] 801 I try to reconcile courtesy and political correctness [Aztec, racial prejudice, race, feminism, precolumbian, sociology, Native American] 802 Blueprint: the thing in the mind and the thing in the world [reproduction, design, drafting, Ozalid, mechanical drawing, Herschel, Hoover Dam] 803 Helen Keller: love, language, and self-awareness [socialism, Carnegie, Sullivan, blind, handicap, deaf, Holmes, Whittier, psychology, women, linguistics] 804 Learning about two kinds of doctor, on the computer nets [Paracelsus, alchemy, Plato, Aristotle, books, German, medicine] 805 The sky: a most excellent, but most fragile, canopy [ecology, geophysics, chemistry, atmosphere, Shakespeare] 806 Medicine, the youngest science: recalling what's forgotten [pharmaceuticals, Osler, Banting, insulin, syphilis, Minot, tuberculosis, heart failure, hospital, psychology] 807 Dromedary camels in Texas, a lost ecological experiment [Marsh, Jefferson Davis, Smithsonian Institution, military, army, dromedary, Civil War, Mexican American War, cavalry] 808 Medieval furniture: reflections on privacy and comfort [domestic, household, sociology, etymology] 809 Jan van Eyck: a Dutch master emerges 200 years too soon [art, painting, Renaissance, Gutenberg, music, Dufay, Okeghem, Josquin, Rembrandt, Vermeer, Medieval, printing, humanism] 810 In which we let our lives be defined in an instant [Bly, Eichhorn, nuclear power, Lienhard, creativity, pressure] 811 Victorian working women disturb a Victorian gentleman [Munby, labor, coal mining, servants, psychology, sociology] 812 Running dogs and Thomas Jefferson help us invent comfort [interior design, domestic, home, Rybczynski, psychology] 813 Thomas Jefferson falls in love, and gives Monticello its dome [Cosway, painting, art, architecture, invention, America, Williamsburg, France, Colonial, music] 814 Charles and Ray Eames recreate furniture in a child's world [architecture, art, interior design, sculpture, children's toys, play, furniture, chairs, Saarinen] 815 In which a bag-lady spells out my fears [Butcher, poverty, sociology, dog sleds, city] 816 Imitating Osage Orange: The story of barbed wire [farming, agriculture, American West, invention] 817 Thomas Hodgkin's fight against disease and social injustice [medicine, pathology, slavery, Canadian Indians, Quakers] 818 The porch glider: America looks outward for a season [interior design, architecture, comfort, motion sickness, inner ear, Frank Lloyd Wright] 819 Inventing the word panvention -- to describe what we all do [invention, slide rule] 820 The shotgun house: an African technology, more important than you thought [Black, architecture, sociology, slavery] 821 In which Walker Percy finds a critic he can trust [literature, Kauffmann, Agee, Conroy, The Moviegoer, Kierkegaard] 822 Medieval armories in late 19th century American cities [National guard, military, strikes, architecture, armory, castles] 823 The PWA shapes 21st century America -- a different view of government spending [welfare, socialism, Hoover Dam, Holland Tunnel, music education, architecture, sanatoriums, Chaffey, construction] 825 The Invention of the Gothic cathedral: Suger and St. Denis [architecture, Cluny, Bernard, theology, religion] 824 The Scopes trial: a sinister cloud behind a comic opera [anthropolgy, evolution, Bryan, Darrow, creationism, intolerance, Dayton] 826 Muybridge, Marey, and the problem of picturing motion [motion pictures, medicine, measurement, biomechanics, Stanford, cameras, biomedical, horses] 827 German Zeppelins achieve failure in their success over London [war, airships, airplanes, flight, bombing, transportation] 828 In which Somerville and Marcet open English science to women [Babbage, Ada Byron, Arago, Gay-Lussac, Biot, Laplace, celestial mechanics, geology, mathematics] 829 Jurassic Park: The quiet message hidden in the book [dinosaurs, DNA, mathematics, choas, evolution, movies, ecology, environment, literature] 830 Derelict Japanese junks crossing the Pacific Ocean [ships, shipping, navy, Perry, Indian, colonization, etymology, survival, navigation] 831 In which the invention of tubes for oil paints changes art [painting, Van Gogh, cameras, impressionists, alchemy, medicine, pharmacology, impasto, invention] 832 Breaking Frames: About technology and art taking society apart and putting it back together again [Romanticism, textiles, steam power, Darwin, Wordsworth, information revolution, boiler explosions] 833 Fermat's Last Theorem: Where can we go from the mountaintop? [mathematics, Pythagoras Theorem, Taniyama, algebra, Wiles] 834 In which we create a bird's eye view of a new land [lithography, printing, art, perspective, American West] 835 Peter Cooper: Inventor, eqalitarian, rich man, educator, political figure, and still more [Hewitt, Fulton, Lincoln, slavery, railway, Th